Agricultural Landscape Simplification Does Not Consistently Drive Insecticide Use. Larsen, A. E. 110(38):15330–15335. ![Agricultural Landscape Simplification Does Not Consistently Drive Insecticide Use [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex [Significance] Increases in agricultural production have greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large monocultures separated by fragments of natural lands. It is thought that these simplified landscapes enable agricultural insect pests to thrive due to an absence of predators and abundant food, necessitating greater insecticide use. Despite the logic of this theory, empirical support is lacking. Using a multiyear analysis it becomes clear that the presence and direction of the relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use varies greatly between years. In some years more simplified landscapes have increased pest pressure, whereas in other years there is no relationship or it is reversed. Understanding the nature of this variability is critical for land use policy. [Abstract] The increase in agricultural production over the past 40 y has greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large swaths of monocultures separated by small fragments of natural lands. These simplified landscapes may be more susceptible to insect pest pressure because of the loss of natural enemies and the increased size and connectivity of crop resources, and a recent analysis from a single year (2007) suggests this increased susceptibility results in increased insecticide use. I broaden the temporal analysis of this connection between landscape simplification and insecticide use by examining cross-sectional and panel data models from multiple decades (US Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture years 2007, 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987) for seven Midwestern states composed of over 560 counties. I find that although the proportion of county in cropland – my metric for landscape simplification – was positively correlated with insecticide use in 2007, this relationship is absent or reversed in prior census years and when all years are analyzed together. This broader temporal perspective suggests that landscape simplification has inconsistent effects on insecticide use and that multiyear studies will be key to unlocking the true drivers of variation in insecticide application.
@article{larsenAgriculturalLandscapeSimplification2013,
title = {Agricultural Landscape Simplification Does Not Consistently Drive Insecticide Use},
author = {Larsen, Ashley E.},
date = {2013-09},
journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
volume = {110},
pages = {15330--15335},
issn = {1091-6490},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1301900110},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301900110},
abstract = {[Significance]
Increases in agricultural production have greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large monocultures separated by fragments of natural lands. It is thought that these simplified landscapes enable agricultural insect pests to thrive due to an absence of predators and abundant food, necessitating greater insecticide use. Despite the logic of this theory, empirical support is lacking. Using a multiyear analysis it becomes clear that the presence and direction of the relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use varies greatly between years. In some years more simplified landscapes have increased pest pressure, whereas in other years there is no relationship or it is reversed. Understanding the nature of this variability is critical for land use policy.
[Abstract]
The increase in agricultural production over the past 40 y has greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large swaths of monocultures separated by small fragments of natural lands. These simplified landscapes may be more susceptible to insect pest pressure because of the loss of natural enemies and the increased size and connectivity of crop resources, and a recent analysis from a single year (2007) suggests this increased susceptibility results in increased insecticide use. I broaden the temporal analysis of this connection between landscape simplification and insecticide use by examining cross-sectional and panel data models from multiple decades (US Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture years 2007, 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987) for seven Midwestern states composed of over 560 counties. I find that although the proportion of county in cropland -- my metric for landscape simplification -- was positively correlated with insecticide use in 2007, this relationship is absent or reversed in prior census years and when all years are analyzed together. This broader temporal perspective suggests that landscape simplification has inconsistent effects on insecticide use and that multiyear studies will be key to unlocking the true drivers of variation in insecticide application.},
keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12636083,agricultural-land,agrochemistry,connectivity,diversity,ecosystem-invasibility,ecosystem-resilience,fragmentation,landscape-modelling,low-diversity,plant-pests},
number = {38}
}
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It is thought that these simplified landscapes enable agricultural insect pests to thrive due to an absence of predators and abundant food, necessitating greater insecticide use. Despite the logic of this theory, empirical support is lacking. Using a multiyear analysis it becomes clear that the presence and direction of the relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use varies greatly between years. In some years more simplified landscapes have increased pest pressure, whereas in other years there is no relationship or it is reversed. Understanding the nature of this variability is critical for land use policy. [Abstract] The increase in agricultural production over the past 40 y has greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large swaths of monocultures separated by small fragments of natural lands. These simplified landscapes may be more susceptible to insect pest pressure because of the loss of natural enemies and the increased size and connectivity of crop resources, and a recent analysis from a single year (2007) suggests this increased susceptibility results in increased insecticide use. I broaden the temporal analysis of this connection between landscape simplification and insecticide use by examining cross-sectional and panel data models from multiple decades (US Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture years 2007, 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987) for seven Midwestern states composed of over 560 counties. I find that although the proportion of county in cropland – my metric for landscape simplification – was positively correlated with insecticide use in 2007, this relationship is absent or reversed in prior census years and when all years are analyzed together. 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It is thought that these simplified landscapes enable agricultural insect pests to thrive due to an absence of predators and abundant food, necessitating greater insecticide use. Despite the logic of this theory, empirical support is lacking. Using a multiyear analysis it becomes clear that the presence and direction of the relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use varies greatly between years. In some years more simplified landscapes have increased pest pressure, whereas in other years there is no relationship or it is reversed. Understanding the nature of this variability is critical for land use policy.\n\n[Abstract]\n\nThe increase in agricultural production over the past 40 y has greatly altered land-use patterns, often resulting in simplified landscapes composed of large swaths of monocultures separated by small fragments of natural lands. These simplified landscapes may be more susceptible to insect pest pressure because of the loss of natural enemies and the increased size and connectivity of crop resources, and a recent analysis from a single year (2007) suggests this increased susceptibility results in increased insecticide use. I broaden the temporal analysis of this connection between landscape simplification and insecticide use by examining cross-sectional and panel data models from multiple decades (US Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture years 2007, 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987) for seven Midwestern states composed of over 560 counties. I find that although the proportion of county in cropland -- my metric for landscape simplification -- was positively correlated with insecticide use in 2007, this relationship is absent or reversed in prior census years and when all years are analyzed together. 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