The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment. Lawrence, M., J., Stemberger, H., L., Zolderdo, A., J., Struthers, D., P., & Cooke, S., J. Environmental Reviews, 23(4):443-460, 2015.
The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment [link]Website  abstract   bibtex   
War is an ever-present force that has the potential to alter the biosphere. Here we review the potential consequences of modern war and military activities on ecosystem structure and function. We focus on the effects of direct conflict, nuclear weapons, military training, and military produced contaminants. Overall, the aforementioned activities were found to have overwhelmingly negative effects on ecosystem structure and function. Dramatic habitat alteration, environmental pollution, and disturbance contributed to population declines and biodiversity losses arising from both acute and chronic effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In some instances, even in the face of massive alterations to ecosystem structure, recovery was possible. Interestingly, military activity was beneficial under specific conditions, such as when an exclusion zone was generated that generally resulted in population increases and (or) population recovery; an observation noted in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Addi...
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 keywords = {accent sur les effets,altérer l,atmosphère,biodiversity,conflict,conflits,conservation biology,conséquences potentielles des activités,des armes nucléaires,des contam-,des entrainements militaires et,directs et indirects des,ecosystem structure,environment,force omniprésente ayant le,guerrières et militaires modernes,la guerre est une,le fonctionnement des écosystèmes,les auteurs passent en,military activities,on met l,potentiel d,revue les,résumé,sur la structure et,war},
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 abstract = {War is an ever-present force that has the potential to alter the biosphere. Here we review the potential consequences of modern war and military activities on ecosystem structure and function. We focus on the effects of direct conflict, nuclear weapons, military training, and military produced contaminants. Overall, the aforementioned activities were found to have overwhelmingly negative effects on ecosystem structure and function. Dramatic habitat alteration, environmental pollution, and disturbance contributed to population declines and biodiversity losses arising from both acute and chronic effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In some instances, even in the face of massive alterations to ecosystem structure, recovery was possible. Interestingly, military activity was beneficial under specific conditions, such as when an exclusion zone was generated that generally resulted in population increases and (or) population recovery; an observation noted in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Addi...},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lawrence, Michael J. and Stemberger, Holly L.J. and Zolderdo, Aaron J. and Struthers, Daniel P. and Cooke, Steven J.},
 journal = {Environmental Reviews},
 number = {4}
}

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