Vibration-entrained and premovement activity in monkey primary somatosensory cortex. Lebedev, A, M., Denton, J. M., & Nelson, R. J. J. Neurophysiology, 72(4):1654-73, 1994. abstract bibtex 1. Primary somatosensory cortical (SI) neurons exhibit characteristic activity before the initiation of movements. This premovement activity (PMA) may result from centrally generated as well as from peripheral inputs. We examined PMA for 55 SI neurons (10, 13, 28, and 4 in areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2, respectively) with activity that was entrained to vibrotactile stimulation (i.e., was temporally correlated with the stimulus). We sought to determine whether the temporal characteristics of vibration-entrained discharges would change throughout the reaction time period, and, if they did, whether these changes might be accounted for by central inputs. 2. Monkeys made wrist flexions and extensions in response to sinusoidal vibration (27, 57, or 127 Hz) of their palms. Vibration remained on until the animal moved at least 5 degrees from the initial hold position. Mean firing rate (MFR), a measure of the level of activity, was derived from the number of spikes per vibratory cycle. The correlation between the vibration and the neuronal firing was described by the mean phase (MP) of the vibratory cycle at which spikes occurred. The degree of entrainment was quantified as synchronicity (Synch), a statistical parameter that could change from 0 for no entrainment to 1 for responses at a constant phase. 3. Premovement MFR increases (activation) and decreases (suppression) were observed. Moreover, two changes in MFR often were observed for the same neuron (2-event PMA). Many MFR shifts, especially the first in the two-event PMA, preceded electromyographic (EMG) onset. The pre-EMG MFR shifts more often had the same sign both for flexion and extension movements rather than having opposite signs. However, with equal frequency, post-EMG PMA events had the same or opposite sign for different movement directions. We suggest that the pre-EMG PMA has an origin different from movement-related peripheral reafference. 4. Premovement activation was accompanied by shifts of MP corresponding to earlier responses to the ongoing vibratory stimulus and by decreases of response Synch. Premovement suppression was not associated with consistent shifts of MP and Synch. We suggest that during premovement activation, asynchronous (uncorrelated with vibration) signals are integrated with the vibratory input. These asynchronous signals may make neurons more likely to discharge and to do so earlier with respect to the vibratory stimulus. The asynchronous component may also disrupt the vibration-entrained activity pattern.
@article{ Lebedev_etal94,
author = {Lebedev, M. A and Denton, J. M. and Nelson, R. J.},
title = {Vibration-entrained and premovement activity in monkey primary somatosensory
cortex},
journal = {J. Neurophysiology},
year = {1994},
volume = {72},
pages = {1654-73},
number = {4},
abstract = {1. Primary somatosensory cortical (SI) neurons exhibit characteristic
activity before the initiation of movements. This premovement activity
(PMA) may result from centrally generated as well as from peripheral
inputs. We examined PMA for 55 SI neurons (10, 13, 28, and 4 in areas
3a, 3b, 1, and 2, respectively) with activity that was entrained
to vibrotactile stimulation (i.e., was temporally correlated with
the stimulus). We sought to determine whether the temporal characteristics
of vibration-entrained discharges would change throughout the reaction
time period, and, if they did, whether these changes might be accounted
for by central inputs. 2. Monkeys made wrist flexions and extensions
in response to sinusoidal vibration (27, 57, or 127 Hz) of their
palms. Vibration remained on until the animal moved at least 5 degrees
from the initial hold position. Mean firing rate (MFR), a measure
of the level of activity, was derived from the number of spikes per
vibratory cycle. The correlation between the vibration and the neuronal
firing was described by the mean phase (MP) of the vibratory cycle
at which spikes occurred. The degree of entrainment was quantified
as synchronicity (Synch), a statistical parameter that could change
from 0 for no entrainment to 1 for responses at a constant phase.
3. Premovement MFR increases (activation) and decreases (suppression)
were observed. Moreover, two changes in MFR often were observed for
the same neuron (2-event PMA). Many MFR shifts, especially the first
in the two-event PMA, preceded electromyographic (EMG) onset. The
pre-EMG MFR shifts more often had the same sign both for flexion
and extension movements rather than having opposite signs. However,
with equal frequency, post-EMG PMA events had the same or opposite
sign for different movement directions. We suggest that the pre-EMG
PMA has an origin different from movement-related peripheral reafference.
4. Premovement activation was accompanied by shifts of MP corresponding
to earlier responses to the ongoing vibratory stimulus and by decreases
of response Synch. Premovement suppression was not associated with
consistent shifts of MP and Synch. We suggest that during premovement
activation, asynchronous (uncorrelated with vibration) signals are
integrated with the vibratory input. These asynchronous signals may
make neurons more likely to discharge and to do so earlier with respect
to the vibratory stimulus. The asynchronous component may also disrupt
the vibration-entrained activity pattern.},
en_number = {14.2:42}
}
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{"_id":"X5QncJyAb94JKjNYu","bibbaseid":"lebedev-a-denton-nelson-vibrationentrainedandpremovementactivityinmonkeyprimarysomatosensorycortex-1994","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2015-02-08T05:14:49.121Z","title":"Vibration-entrained and premovement activity in monkey primary somatosensory cortex","author_short":["Lebedev","A, M.","Denton, J.<nbsp>M.","Nelson, R.<nbsp>J."],"year":1994,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://cnslab.mb.jhu.edu/niebase.bib","bibdata":{"abstract":"1. Primary somatosensory cortical (SI) neurons exhibit characteristic activity before the initiation of movements. This premovement activity (PMA) may result from centrally generated as well as from peripheral inputs. We examined PMA for 55 SI neurons (10, 13, 28, and 4 in areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2, respectively) with activity that was entrained to vibrotactile stimulation (i.e., was temporally correlated with the stimulus). We sought to determine whether the temporal characteristics of vibration-entrained discharges would change throughout the reaction time period, and, if they did, whether these changes might be accounted for by central inputs. 2. Monkeys made wrist flexions and extensions in response to sinusoidal vibration (27, 57, or 127 Hz) of their palms. Vibration remained on until the animal moved at least 5 degrees from the initial hold position. Mean firing rate (MFR), a measure of the level of activity, was derived from the number of spikes per vibratory cycle. The correlation between the vibration and the neuronal firing was described by the mean phase (MP) of the vibratory cycle at which spikes occurred. The degree of entrainment was quantified as synchronicity (Synch), a statistical parameter that could change from 0 for no entrainment to 1 for responses at a constant phase. 3. Premovement MFR increases (activation) and decreases (suppression) were observed. Moreover, two changes in MFR often were observed for the same neuron (2-event PMA). Many MFR shifts, especially the first in the two-event PMA, preceded electromyographic (EMG) onset. The pre-EMG MFR shifts more often had the same sign both for flexion and extension movements rather than having opposite signs. However, with equal frequency, post-EMG PMA events had the same or opposite sign for different movement directions. We suggest that the pre-EMG PMA has an origin different from movement-related peripheral reafference. 4. Premovement activation was accompanied by shifts of MP corresponding to earlier responses to the ongoing vibratory stimulus and by decreases of response Synch. Premovement suppression was not associated with consistent shifts of MP and Synch. We suggest that during premovement activation, asynchronous (uncorrelated with vibration) signals are integrated with the vibratory input. These asynchronous signals may make neurons more likely to discharge and to do so earlier with respect to the vibratory stimulus. The asynchronous component may also disrupt the vibration-entrained activity pattern.","author":["Lebedev","A, M.","Denton, J. M.","Nelson, R. J."],"author_short":["Lebedev","A, M.","Denton, J.<nbsp>M.","Nelson, R.<nbsp>J."],"bibtex":"@article{ Lebedev_etal94,\n author = {Lebedev, M. A and Denton, J. M. and Nelson, R. J.},\n title = {Vibration-entrained and premovement activity in monkey primary somatosensory\n\tcortex},\n journal = {J. Neurophysiology},\n year = {1994},\n volume = {72},\n pages = {1654-73},\n number = {4},\n abstract = {1. Primary somatosensory cortical (SI) neurons exhibit characteristic\n\tactivity before the initiation of movements. This premovement activity\n\t(PMA) may result from centrally generated as well as from peripheral\n\tinputs. We examined PMA for 55 SI neurons (10, 13, 28, and 4 in areas\n\t3a, 3b, 1, and 2, respectively) with activity that was entrained\n\tto vibrotactile stimulation (i.e., was temporally correlated with\n\tthe stimulus). We sought to determine whether the temporal characteristics\n\tof vibration-entrained discharges would change throughout the reaction\n\ttime period, and, if they did, whether these changes might be accounted\n\tfor by central inputs. 2. Monkeys made wrist flexions and extensions\n\tin response to sinusoidal vibration (27, 57, or 127 Hz) of their\n\tpalms. Vibration remained on until the animal moved at least 5 degrees\n\tfrom the initial hold position. Mean firing rate (MFR), a measure\n\tof the level of activity, was derived from the number of spikes per\n\tvibratory cycle. The correlation between the vibration and the neuronal\n\tfiring was described by the mean phase (MP) of the vibratory cycle\n\tat which spikes occurred. The degree of entrainment was quantified\n\tas synchronicity (Synch), a statistical parameter that could change\n\tfrom 0 for no entrainment to 1 for responses at a constant phase.\n\t3. Premovement MFR increases (activation) and decreases (suppression)\n\twere observed. Moreover, two changes in MFR often were observed for\n\tthe same neuron (2-event PMA). Many MFR shifts, especially the first\n\tin the two-event PMA, preceded electromyographic (EMG) onset. The\n\tpre-EMG MFR shifts more often had the same sign both for flexion\n\tand extension movements rather than having opposite signs. However,\n\twith equal frequency, post-EMG PMA events had the same or opposite\n\tsign for different movement directions. We suggest that the pre-EMG\n\tPMA has an origin different from movement-related peripheral reafference.\n\t4. Premovement activation was accompanied by shifts of MP corresponding\n\tto earlier responses to the ongoing vibratory stimulus and by decreases\n\tof response Synch. Premovement suppression was not associated with\n\tconsistent shifts of MP and Synch. We suggest that during premovement\n\tactivation, asynchronous (uncorrelated with vibration) signals are\n\tintegrated with the vibratory input. These asynchronous signals may\n\tmake neurons more likely to discharge and to do so earlier with respect\n\tto the vibratory stimulus. The asynchronous component may also disrupt\n\tthe vibration-entrained activity pattern.},\n en_number = {14.2:42}\n}","bibtype":"article","en_number":"14.2:42","id":"Lebedev_etal94","journal":"J. 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