@article{
 title = {Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Adiposity,Adult,Bacteria,Bacteria: classification,Bacteria: genetics,Bacteria: isolation & purification,Biological Markers,Biological Markers: metabolism,Body Mass Index,Case-Control Studies,Diet,Dyslipidemias,Dyslipidemias: microbiology,Energy Metabolism,Europe,Europe: ethnology,European Continental Ancestry Group,Female,Gastrointestinal Tract,Gastrointestinal Tract: microbiology,Genes, Bacterial,Humans,Inflammation,Inflammation: microbiology,Insulin Resistance,Male,Metagenome,Metagenome: genetics,Obesity,Obesity: metabolism,Obesity: microbiology,Overweight,Overweight: metabolism,Overweight: microbiology,Phylogeny,Thinness,Thinness: microbiology,Weight Gain,Weight Loss},
 pages = {541-6},
 volume = {500},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985870},
 month = {8},
 day = {29},
 id = {ff53eeab-0e60-3cc3-816e-c2b4ff3fcbe0},
 created = {2025-07-07T13:25:05.209Z},
 accessed = {2013-10-17},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a206b-6cfb-375e-a257-a4c31f5a0791},
 group_id = {89bece75-0a7e-3035-98e1-71b82260b8e8},
 last_modified = {2025-07-07T13:25:53.092Z},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
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 abstract = {We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle and Nielsen, Trine and Qin, Junjie and Prifti, Edi and Hildebrand, Falk and Falony, Gwen and Almeida, Mathieu and Arumugam, Manimozhiyan and Batto, Jean-Michel and Kennedy, Sean and Leonard, Pierre and Li, Junhua and Burgdorf, Kristoffer and Grarup, Niels and Jørgensen, Torben and Brandslund, Ivan and Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn and Juncker, Agnieszka S and Bertalan, Marcelo and Levenez, Florence and Pons, Nicolas and Rasmussen, Simon and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Tap, Julien and Tims, Sebastian and Zoetendal, Erwin G and Brunak, Søren and Clément, Karine and Doré, Joël and Kleerebezem, Michiel and Kristiansen, Karsten and Renault, Pierre and Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas and de Vos, Willem M and Zucker, Jean-Daniel and Raes, Jeroen and Hansen, Torben and Bork, Peer and Wang, Jun and Ehrlich, S Dusko and Pedersen, Oluf and Guedon, Eric and Delorme, Christine and Layec, Séverine and Khaci, Ghalia and van de Guchte, Maarten and Vandemeulebrouck, Gaetana and Jamet, Alexandre and Dervyn, Rozenn and Sanchez, Nicolas and Maguin, Emmanuelle and Haimet, Florence and Winogradski, Yohanan and Cultrone, Antonella and Leclerc, Marion and Juste, Catherine and Blottière, Hervé and Pelletier, Eric and LePaslier, Denis and Artiguenave, François and Bruls, Thomas and Weissenbach, Jean and Turner, Keith and Parkhill, Julian and Antolin, Maria and Manichanh, Chaysavanh and Casellas, Francesc and Boruel, Natalia and Varela, Encarna and Torrejon, Antonio and Guarner, Francisco and Denariaz, Gérard and Derrien, Muriel and van Hylckama Vlieg, Johan E T and Veiga, Patrick and Oozeer, Raish and Knol, Jan and Rescigno, Maria and Brechot, Christian and M'Rini, Christine and Mérieux, Alexandre and Yamada, Takuji},
 doi = {10.1038/nature12506},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7464}
}

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Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.","bibtype":"article","author":"Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle and Nielsen, Trine and Qin, Junjie and Prifti, Edi and Hildebrand, Falk and Falony, Gwen and Almeida, Mathieu and Arumugam, Manimozhiyan and Batto, Jean-Michel and Kennedy, Sean and Leonard, Pierre and Li, Junhua and Burgdorf, Kristoffer and Grarup, Niels and Jørgensen, Torben and Brandslund, Ivan and Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn and Juncker, Agnieszka S and Bertalan, Marcelo and Levenez, Florence and Pons, Nicolas and Rasmussen, Simon and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Tap, Julien and Tims, Sebastian and Zoetendal, Erwin G and Brunak, Søren and Clément, Karine and Doré, Joël and Kleerebezem, Michiel and Kristiansen, Karsten and Renault, Pierre and Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas and de Vos, Willem M and Zucker, Jean-Daniel and Raes, Jeroen and Hansen, Torben and Bork, Peer and Wang, Jun and Ehrlich, S Dusko and Pedersen, Oluf and Guedon, Eric and Delorme, Christine and Layec, Séverine and Khaci, Ghalia and van de Guchte, Maarten and Vandemeulebrouck, Gaetana and Jamet, Alexandre and Dervyn, Rozenn and Sanchez, Nicolas and Maguin, Emmanuelle and Haimet, Florence and Winogradski, Yohanan and Cultrone, Antonella and Leclerc, Marion and Juste, Catherine and Blottière, Hervé and Pelletier, Eric and LePaslier, Denis and Artiguenave, François and Bruls, Thomas and Weissenbach, Jean and Turner, Keith and Parkhill, Julian and Antolin, Maria and Manichanh, Chaysavanh and Casellas, Francesc and Boruel, Natalia and Varela, Encarna and Torrejon, Antonio and Guarner, Francisco and Denariaz, Gérard and Derrien, Muriel and van Hylckama Vlieg, Johan E T and Veiga, Patrick and Oozeer, Raish and Knol, Jan and Rescigno, Maria and Brechot, Christian and M'Rini, Christine and Mérieux, Alexandre and Yamada, Takuji","doi":"10.1038/nature12506","journal":"Nature","number":"7464","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.},\n type = {article},\n year = {2013},\n keywords = {Adiposity,Adult,Bacteria,Bacteria: classification,Bacteria: genetics,Bacteria: isolation & purification,Biological Markers,Biological Markers: metabolism,Body Mass Index,Case-Control Studies,Diet,Dyslipidemias,Dyslipidemias: microbiology,Energy Metabolism,Europe,Europe: ethnology,European Continental Ancestry Group,Female,Gastrointestinal Tract,Gastrointestinal Tract: microbiology,Genes, Bacterial,Humans,Inflammation,Inflammation: microbiology,Insulin Resistance,Male,Metagenome,Metagenome: genetics,Obesity,Obesity: metabolism,Obesity: microbiology,Overweight,Overweight: metabolism,Overweight: microbiology,Phylogeny,Thinness,Thinness: microbiology,Weight Gain,Weight Loss},\n pages = {541-6},\n volume = {500},\n websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985870},\n month = {8},\n day = {29},\n id = {ff53eeab-0e60-3cc3-816e-c2b4ff3fcbe0},\n created = {2025-07-07T13:25:05.209Z},\n accessed = {2013-10-17},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {9c1a206b-6cfb-375e-a257-a4c31f5a0791},\n group_id = {89bece75-0a7e-3035-98e1-71b82260b8e8},\n last_modified = {2025-07-07T13:25:53.092Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {true},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. 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