@article{lentonClimateTippingPoints2019,
  title = {Climate Tipping Points - Too Risky to Bet Against},
  author = {Lenton, Timothy M. and Rockström, Johan and Gaffney, Owen and Rahmstorf, Stefan and Richardson, Katherine and Steffen, Will and Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim},
  date = {2019-11},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  volume = {575},
  pages = {592--595},
  doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-03595-0},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03595-0},
  urldate = {2019-11-29},
  abstract = {The growing threat of abrupt and irreversible climate changes must compel political and economic action on emissions.

[Excerpt]
[\textbackslash n] [...]
We define emergency (E) as the product of risk and urgency. Risk (R) is defined by insurers as probability (p) multiplied by damage (D). Urgency (U) is defined in emergency situations as reaction time to an alert (τ) divided by the intervention time left to avoid a bad outcome (T). Thus:

[\textbackslash n] E = R × U = p × D × τ / T

[\textbackslash n] The situation is an emergency if both risk and urgency are high. If reaction time is longer than the intervention time left (τ\,/\,T\,{$>$}\,1), we have lost control.

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-68WDKY9P,climate-change,definition,emergency-events,global-change,global-scale,risk-assessment,terminology,tipping-point},
  langid = {english},
  number = {7784}
}

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