@Article{Leopold1996,
  author   = {D. A. Leopold and N. K. Logothetis},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry.},
  year     = {1996},
  number   = {6565},
  pages    = {549-53},
  volume   = {379},
  abstract = {When the two eyes view dissimilar images, we experience binocular
	rivalry, in which one eye's view dominates for several seconds and
	is then replaced by that of the other eye. What causes these perceptual
	changes in the absence of any change in the stimulus? We showed previously
	that some neurons in monkey cortical area MT show changes in activity
	during motion rivalry that reflect the perceived direction of motion.
	To determine whether perception-related modulation of activity occurs
	in other visual cortical areas, we recorded from individual neurons
	in V1, V2 and V4 while monkeys reported the perceived orientation
	of rival gratings of two orthogonal orientations. Many cells, particularly
	in V4, showed patterns of activity that correlated with the perceptual
	dominance and suppression of one stimulus. The majority were orientation-selective
	and could be driven equally well from either eye. It has been previously
	suggested that binocular rivalry involves reciprocal inhibition between
	monocular neurons within V1 (for example, see ref. 4), but our results
	do not support this view; rather, we propose that binocular rivalry
	arises through interactions between binocular neurons at several
	levels in the visual pathways, and that similar mechanisms may underlie
	other multistable perceptual states that occur when viewing ambiguous
	images.},
  doi      = {10.1038/379549a0},
  keywords = {Animals, Binocular, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Vision, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, 8596623},
}

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K."],"year":1996,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://endress.org/publications/ansgar.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["D.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Leopold"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["N.","K."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Logothetis"],"suffixes":[]}],"journal":"Nature","title":"Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry.","year":"1996","number":"6565","pages":"549-53","volume":"379","abstract":"When the two eyes view dissimilar images, we experience binocular rivalry, in which one eye's view dominates for several seconds and is then replaced by that of the other eye. What causes these perceptual changes in the absence of any change in the stimulus? We showed previously that some neurons in monkey cortical area MT show changes in activity during motion rivalry that reflect the perceived direction of motion. To determine whether perception-related modulation of activity occurs in other visual cortical areas, we recorded from individual neurons in V1, V2 and V4 while monkeys reported the perceived orientation of rival gratings of two orthogonal orientations. Many cells, particularly in V4, showed patterns of activity that correlated with the perceptual dominance and suppression of one stimulus. The majority were orientation-selective and could be driven equally well from either eye. It has been previously suggested that binocular rivalry involves reciprocal inhibition between monocular neurons within V1 (for example, see ref. 4), but our results do not support this view; rather, we propose that binocular rivalry arises through interactions between binocular neurons at several levels in the visual pathways, and that similar mechanisms may underlie other multistable perceptual states that occur when viewing ambiguous images.","doi":"10.1038/379549a0","keywords":"Animals, Binocular, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Vision, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, 8596623","bibtex":"@Article{Leopold1996,\n author = {D. A. Leopold and N. K. Logothetis},\n journal = {Nature},\n title = {Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry.},\n year = {1996},\n number = {6565},\n pages = {549-53},\n volume = {379},\n abstract = {When the two eyes view dissimilar images, we experience binocular\n\trivalry, in which one eye's view dominates for several seconds and\n\tis then replaced by that of the other eye. What causes these perceptual\n\tchanges in the absence of any change in the stimulus? We showed previously\n\tthat some neurons in monkey cortical area MT show changes in activity\n\tduring motion rivalry that reflect the perceived direction of motion.\n\tTo determine whether perception-related modulation of activity occurs\n\tin other visual cortical areas, we recorded from individual neurons\n\tin V1, V2 and V4 while monkeys reported the perceived orientation\n\tof rival gratings of two orthogonal orientations. Many cells, particularly\n\tin V4, showed patterns of activity that correlated with the perceptual\n\tdominance and suppression of one stimulus. The majority were orientation-selective\n\tand could be driven equally well from either eye. It has been previously\n\tsuggested that binocular rivalry involves reciprocal inhibition between\n\tmonocular neurons within V1 (for example, see ref. 4), but our results\n\tdo not support this view; rather, we propose that binocular rivalry\n\tarises through interactions between binocular neurons at several\n\tlevels in the visual pathways, and that similar mechanisms may underlie\n\tother multistable perceptual states that occur when viewing ambiguous\n\timages.},\n doi = {10.1038/379549a0},\n keywords = {Animals, Binocular, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Vision, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, 8596623},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Leopold, D. A.","Logothetis, N. 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