Effects of Sb oxidation state on the densification and electrical properties of antimony-doped tin oxide ceramics. Li, M., Cheng, P., Luo, G., Schoenung, J. M., & Shen, Q. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 26(6):4015–4020, June, 2015.
Effects of Sb oxidation state on the densification and electrical properties of antimony-doped tin oxide ceramics [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
For antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), Sb content and oxidation state remarkably influence the densification, microstructure and electrical properties of ATO ceramics. In this work, ATO powders doped with Sb(III) or Sb(V) are prepared via chemical precipitation method and are then consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Results demonstrate that ATO ceramics with a small content of nanoscaled antimony oxides, either Sb(III) or Sb(V), can be densified through the rapid SPS process. The relative density of 1.5 mol% Sb-doped samples is greater than 96.5 %. However, increased Sb doping concentration, especially for Sb(V), restrains both the densification and grain growth in SPS-consolidated ATO. In contrast, Sb(V)-doped material exhibits improved electrical conductivity. The resistivity of 1.5 mol% Sb(V)-doped sample is only 0.01699 Ω cm, far lower than that of the 1.5 mol% Sb(III)-doped sample (0.1338 Ω cm). XPS results indicate a higher Sb5+/Sb3+ ratio in Sb(V)-doped ATO powder and ceramic than in Sb(III)-doped samples. The higher Sb5+/Sb3+ ratio contributes to the increase of carrier concentration and the decrease of resistivity of ATO ceramics.
@article{li_effects_2015,
	title = {Effects of {Sb} oxidation state on the densification and electrical properties of antimony-doped tin oxide ceramics},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {0957-4522, 1573-482X},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10854-015-2938-y},
	doi = {10.1007/s10854-015-2938-y},
	abstract = {For antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), Sb content and oxidation state remarkably influence the densification, microstructure and electrical properties of ATO ceramics. In this work, ATO powders doped with Sb(III) or Sb(V) are prepared via chemical precipitation method and are then consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Results demonstrate that ATO ceramics with a small content of nanoscaled antimony oxides, either Sb(III) or Sb(V), can be densified through the rapid SPS process. The relative density of 1.5 mol\% Sb-doped samples is greater than 96.5 \%. However, increased Sb doping concentration, especially for Sb(V), restrains both the densification and grain growth in SPS-consolidated ATO. In contrast, Sb(V)-doped material exhibits improved electrical conductivity. The resistivity of 1.5 mol\% Sb(V)-doped sample is only 0.01699 Ω cm, far lower than that of the 1.5 mol\% Sb(III)-doped sample (0.1338 Ω cm). XPS results indicate a higher Sb5+/Sb3+ ratio in Sb(V)-doped ATO powder and ceramic than in Sb(III)-doped samples. The higher Sb5+/Sb3+ ratio contributes to the increase of carrier concentration and the decrease of resistivity of ATO ceramics.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2018-01-08},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics},
	author = {Li, Mei-juan and Cheng, Ping and Luo, Guo-qiang and Schoenung, Julie M. and Shen, Qiang},
	month = jun,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Published, Reviewed},
	pages = {4015--4020},
}

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