High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere. Liao, J., Huey, L., G., Liu, Z., Tanner, D., J., Cantrell, C., A., Orlando, J., J., Flocke, F., M., Shepson, P., B., Weinheimer, A., J., Hall, S., R., Ullmann, K., Beine, H., J., Wang, Y., Ingall, E., D., Stephens, C., R., Hornbrook, R., S., Apel, E., C., Riemer, D., Fried, A., Mauldin, R., L., Smith, J., N., Staebler, R., M., Neuman, J., A., & Nowak, J., B. Nature Geoscience, 7(2):91-94, 2014. ![High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Website doi abstract bibtex Chlorine radicals can function as a strong atmospheric oxidant, particularly in polar regions, where levels of hydroxyl radicals are low. In the atmosphere, chlorine radicals expedite the degradation of methane and tropospheric ozone, and the oxidation of mercury to more toxic forms. Here we present direct measurements of molecular chlorine levels in the Arctic marine boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, collected in the spring of 2009 over a six-week period using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. We report high levels of molecular chlorine, of up to 400 pptv. Concentrations peaked in the early morning and late afternoon, and fell to near-zero levels at night. Average daytime molecular chlorine levels were correlated with ozone concentrations, suggesting that sunlight and ozone are required for molecular chlorine formation. Using a time-dependent box model, we estimate that the chlorine radicals produced from the photolysis of molecular chlorine oxidized more methane than hydroxyl radicals, on average, and enhanced the abundance of short-lived peroxy radicals. Elevated hydroperoxyl radical levels, in turn, promoted the formation of hypobromous acid, which catalyses mercury oxidation and the breakdown of tropospheric ozone. We therefore suggest that molecular chlorine exerts a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
@article{
title = {High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
pages = {91-94},
volume = {7},
websites = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2046},
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notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 (<i>High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere</i> - Liao, Jin; Huey, L. Gregory; Liu, Zhen; Tanner, David J.; Cantrell, Chris A.; Orlando, John J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Shepson, Paul B.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk; Beine, Harry J.; Wang, Yuhang; Ingall, Ellery D.; Stephens, Chelsea R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Riemer, Daniel; Fried, Alan; Mauldin, Roy L.; Smith, James N.; Staebler, Ralf M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.)<br/></b><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere</i> - Liao, Jin; Huey, L. Gregory; Liu, Zhen; Tanner, David J.; Cantrell, Chris A.; Orlando, John J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Shepson, Paul B.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk; Beine, Harry J.; Wang, Yuhang; Ingall, Ellery D.; Stephens, Chelsea R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Riemer, Daniel; Fried, Alan; Mauldin, Roy L.; Smith, James N.; Staebler, Ralf M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.)<br/></b><br/>Times Cited: 0<br/>Liao, Jin Huey, L. Gregory Liu, Zhen Tanner, David J. Cantrell, Chris A. Orlando, John J. Flocke, Frank M. Shepson, Paul B. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Hall, Samuel R. Ullmann, Kirk Beine, Harry J. Wang, Yuhang Ingall, Ellery D. Stephens, Chelsea R. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Apel, Eric C. Riemer, Daniel Fried, Alan Mauldin, Roy L., III Smith, James N. Staebler, Ralf M. Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B.},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {Chlorine radicals can function as a strong atmospheric oxidant, particularly in polar regions, where levels of hydroxyl radicals are low. In the atmosphere, chlorine radicals expedite the degradation of methane and tropospheric ozone, and the oxidation of mercury to more toxic forms. Here we present direct measurements of molecular chlorine levels in the Arctic marine boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, collected in the spring of 2009 over a six-week period using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. We report high levels of molecular chlorine, of up to 400 pptv. Concentrations peaked in the early morning and late afternoon, and fell to near-zero levels at night. Average daytime molecular chlorine levels were correlated with ozone concentrations, suggesting that sunlight and ozone are required for molecular chlorine formation. Using a time-dependent box model, we estimate that the chlorine radicals produced from the photolysis of molecular chlorine oxidized more methane than hydroxyl radicals, on average, and enhanced the abundance of short-lived peroxy radicals. Elevated hydroperoxyl radical levels, in turn, promoted the formation of hypobromous acid, which catalyses mercury oxidation and the breakdown of tropospheric ozone. We therefore suggest that molecular chlorine exerts a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Liao, Jin and Huey, L. Gregory and Liu, Zhen and Tanner, David J. and Cantrell, Chris A. and Orlando, John J. and Flocke, Frank M. and Shepson, Paul B. and Weinheimer, Andrew J. and Hall, Samuel R. and Ullmann, Kirk and Beine, Harry J. and Wang, Yuhang and Ingall, Ellery D. and Stephens, Chelsea R. and Hornbrook, Rebecca S. and Apel, Eric C. and Riemer, Daniel and Fried, Alan and Mauldin, Roy L. and Smith, James N. and Staebler, Ralf M. and Neuman, J. Andrew and Nowak, John B.},
doi = {10.1038/ngeo2046},
journal = {Nature Geoscience},
number = {2}
}
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Gregory; Liu, Zhen; Tanner, David J.; Cantrell, Chris A.; Orlando, John J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Shepson, Paul B.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk; Beine, Harry J.; Wang, Yuhang; Ingall, Ellery D.; Stephens, Chelsea R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Riemer, Daniel; Fried, Alan; Mauldin, Roy L.; Smith, James N.; Staebler, Ralf M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.)<br/></b><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere</i> - Liao, Jin; Huey, L. Gregory; Liu, Zhen; Tanner, David J.; Cantrell, Chris A.; Orlando, John J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Shepson, Paul B.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk; Beine, Harry J.; Wang, Yuhang; Ingall, Ellery D.; Stephens, Chelsea R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Riemer, Daniel; Fried, Alan; Mauldin, Roy L.; Smith, James N.; Staebler, Ralf M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.)<br/></b><br/>Times Cited: 0<br/>Liao, Jin Huey, L. Gregory Liu, Zhen Tanner, David J. Cantrell, Chris A. Orlando, John J. Flocke, Frank M. Shepson, Paul B. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Hall, Samuel R. Ullmann, Kirk Beine, Harry J. Wang, Yuhang Ingall, Ellery D. Stephens, Chelsea R. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Apel, Eric C. Riemer, Daniel Fried, Alan Mauldin, Roy L., III Smith, James N. Staebler, Ralf M. Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B.","private_publication":false,"abstract":"Chlorine radicals can function as a strong atmospheric oxidant, particularly in polar regions, where levels of hydroxyl radicals are low. In the atmosphere, chlorine radicals expedite the degradation of methane and tropospheric ozone, and the oxidation of mercury to more toxic forms. Here we present direct measurements of molecular chlorine levels in the Arctic marine boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, collected in the spring of 2009 over a six-week period using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. We report high levels of molecular chlorine, of up to 400 pptv. Concentrations peaked in the early morning and late afternoon, and fell to near-zero levels at night. Average daytime molecular chlorine levels were correlated with ozone concentrations, suggesting that sunlight and ozone are required for molecular chlorine formation. Using a time-dependent box model, we estimate that the chlorine radicals produced from the photolysis of molecular chlorine oxidized more methane than hydroxyl radicals, on average, and enhanced the abundance of short-lived peroxy radicals. Elevated hydroperoxyl radical levels, in turn, promoted the formation of hypobromous acid, which catalyses mercury oxidation and the breakdown of tropospheric ozone. We therefore suggest that molecular chlorine exerts a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","bibtype":"article","author":"Liao, Jin and Huey, L. 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