Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination of Black and Latino Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Lieu, T. A., Elkin, E. P., Escobar, P. R., Finn, L., Klein, N. P., Durojaiye, C., Prausnitz, S., Quesenberry, C. P., Sawyer, D., Teran, S., Goler, N., Parodi, S. M., & Chen, Y. I. JAMA Network Open, 5(6):e2217004, June, 2022. ![Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination of Black and Latino Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex COVID-19 morbidity is highest in Black and Latino older adults. These racial and ethnic groups initially had lower vaccination uptake than others, and rates in Black adults continue to lag.To evaluate the effect of outreach via electronic secure messages and mailings from primary care physicians (PCPs) on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Black and Latino older adults and to compare the effects of culturally tailored and standard PCP messages.This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2021, with follow-up surveys through July 31, 2021. Latino and Black individuals aged 65 years and older from 4 Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) service areas were included. Data were analyzed from May 27, 2021, to September 28, 2021.Individuals who had not received COVID-19 vaccination after previous outreach were randomized to electronic secure message and/or mail outreach from their PCP, similar outreach with additional culturally tailored content, or usual care. Outreach groups were sent a secure message or letter in their PCP’s name, followed by a postcard to those still unvaccinated after 4 weeks.The primary outcome was time to receipt of COVID-19 vaccination during the 8 weeks after initial study outreach. KPNC data were supplemented with state data from external sources. Intervention effects were evaluated via proportional hazards regression.Of 8287 included individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [7.0] years; 4665 [56.3%] women), 2434 (29.4%) were Black, 3782 (45.6%) were Latino and preferred English-language communications, and 2071 (25.0%) were Latino and preferred Spanish-language communications; 2847 participants (34.4%) had a neighborhood deprivation index at the 75th percentile or higher. A total of 2767 participants were randomized to culturally tailored PCP outreach, 2747 participants were randomized to standard PCP outreach, and 2773 participants were randomized to usual care. Culturally tailored PCP outreach led to higher COVID-19 vaccination rates during follow-up compared with usual care (664 participants [24.0%] vs 603 participants [21.7%]; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.37), as did standard PCP outreach (635 participants [23.1%]; aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31). Individuals who were Black (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.33), had high neighborhood deprivation (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33), and had medium to high comorbidity scores (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31) were more likely to be vaccinated during follow-up.This randomized clinical trial found that PCP outreach using electronic and mailed messages increased COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black and Latino older adults.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05096026
@article{lieu_effect_2022,
title = {Effect of {Electronic} and {Mail} {Outreach} {From} {Primary} {Care} {Physicians} for {COVID}-19 {Vaccination} of {Black} and {Latino} {Older} {Adults}: {A} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},
volume = {5},
issn = {2574-3805},
shorttitle = {Effect of {Electronic} and {Mail} {Outreach} {From} {Primary} {Care} {Physicians} for {COVID}-19 {Vaccination} of {Black} and {Latino} {Older} {Adults}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004},
abstract = {COVID-19 morbidity is highest in Black and Latino older adults. These racial and ethnic groups initially had lower vaccination uptake than others, and rates in Black adults continue to lag.To evaluate the effect of outreach via electronic secure messages and mailings from primary care physicians (PCPs) on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Black and Latino older adults and to compare the effects of culturally tailored and standard PCP messages.This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2021, with follow-up surveys through July 31, 2021. Latino and Black individuals aged 65 years and older from 4 Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) service areas were included. Data were analyzed from May 27, 2021, to September 28, 2021.Individuals who had not received COVID-19 vaccination after previous outreach were randomized to electronic secure message and/or mail outreach from their PCP, similar outreach with additional culturally tailored content, or usual care. Outreach groups were sent a secure message or letter in their PCP’s name, followed by a postcard to those still unvaccinated after 4 weeks.The primary outcome was time to receipt of COVID-19 vaccination during the 8 weeks after initial study outreach. KPNC data were supplemented with state data from external sources. Intervention effects were evaluated via proportional hazards regression.Of 8287 included individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [7.0] years; 4665 [56.3\%] women), 2434 (29.4\%) were Black, 3782 (45.6\%) were Latino and preferred English-language communications, and 2071 (25.0\%) were Latino and preferred Spanish-language communications; 2847 participants (34.4\%) had a neighborhood deprivation index at the 75th percentile or higher. A total of 2767 participants were randomized to culturally tailored PCP outreach, 2747 participants were randomized to standard PCP outreach, and 2773 participants were randomized to usual care. Culturally tailored PCP outreach led to higher COVID-19 vaccination rates during follow-up compared with usual care (664 participants [24.0\%] vs 603 participants [21.7\%]; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.22; 95\% CI, 1.09-1.37), as did standard PCP outreach (635 participants [23.1\%]; aHR, 1.17; 95\% CI, 1.04-1.31). Individuals who were Black (aHR, 1.19; 95\% CI, 1.06-1.33), had high neighborhood deprivation (aHR, 1.17; 95\% CI, 1.03-1.33), and had medium to high comorbidity scores (aHR, 1.19; 95\% CI, 1.09-1.31) were more likely to be vaccinated during follow-up.This randomized clinical trial found that PCP outreach using electronic and mailed messages increased COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black and Latino older adults.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05096026},
number = {6},
urldate = {2022-07-14},
journal = {JAMA Network Open},
author = {Lieu, Tracy A. and Elkin, Eric P. and Escobar, Patricia R. and Finn, Lucy and Klein, Nicola P. and Durojaiye, Cimone and Prausnitz, Stephanie and Quesenberry, Charles P. and Sawyer, Debora and Teran, Silvia and Goler, Nancy and Parodi, Stephen M. and Chen, Yi-Fen Irene},
month = jun,
year = {2022},
keywords = {/unread},
pages = {e2217004},
}
Downloads: 0
{"_id":"sxhTFiSPSyQ3pg7hq","bibbaseid":"lieu-elkin-escobar-finn-klein-durojaiye-prausnitz-quesenberry-etal-effectofelectronicandmailoutreachfromprimarycarephysiciansforcovid19vaccinationofblackandlatinoolderadultsarandomizedclinicaltrial-2022","author_short":["Lieu, T. A.","Elkin, E. P.","Escobar, P. R.","Finn, L.","Klein, N. P.","Durojaiye, C.","Prausnitz, S.","Quesenberry, C. P.","Sawyer, D.","Teran, S.","Goler, N.","Parodi, S. M.","Chen, Y. I."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination of Black and Latino Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"5","issn":"2574-3805","shorttitle":"Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination of Black and Latino Older Adults","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004","abstract":"COVID-19 morbidity is highest in Black and Latino older adults. These racial and ethnic groups initially had lower vaccination uptake than others, and rates in Black adults continue to lag.To evaluate the effect of outreach via electronic secure messages and mailings from primary care physicians (PCPs) on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Black and Latino older adults and to compare the effects of culturally tailored and standard PCP messages.This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2021, with follow-up surveys through July 31, 2021. Latino and Black individuals aged 65 years and older from 4 Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) service areas were included. Data were analyzed from May 27, 2021, to September 28, 2021.Individuals who had not received COVID-19 vaccination after previous outreach were randomized to electronic secure message and/or mail outreach from their PCP, similar outreach with additional culturally tailored content, or usual care. Outreach groups were sent a secure message or letter in their PCP’s name, followed by a postcard to those still unvaccinated after 4 weeks.The primary outcome was time to receipt of COVID-19 vaccination during the 8 weeks after initial study outreach. KPNC data were supplemented with state data from external sources. Intervention effects were evaluated via proportional hazards regression.Of 8287 included individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [7.0] years; 4665 [56.3%] women), 2434 (29.4%) were Black, 3782 (45.6%) were Latino and preferred English-language communications, and 2071 (25.0%) were Latino and preferred Spanish-language communications; 2847 participants (34.4%) had a neighborhood deprivation index at the 75th percentile or higher. A total of 2767 participants were randomized to culturally tailored PCP outreach, 2747 participants were randomized to standard PCP outreach, and 2773 participants were randomized to usual care. Culturally tailored PCP outreach led to higher COVID-19 vaccination rates during follow-up compared with usual care (664 participants [24.0%] vs 603 participants [21.7%]; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.37), as did standard PCP outreach (635 participants [23.1%]; aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31). Individuals who were Black (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.33), had high neighborhood deprivation (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33), and had medium to high comorbidity scores (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31) were more likely to be vaccinated during follow-up.This randomized clinical trial found that PCP outreach using electronic and mailed messages increased COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black and Latino older adults.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05096026","number":"6","urldate":"2022-07-14","journal":"JAMA Network Open","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lieu"],"firstnames":["Tracy","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Elkin"],"firstnames":["Eric","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Escobar"],"firstnames":["Patricia","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Finn"],"firstnames":["Lucy"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Klein"],"firstnames":["Nicola","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Durojaiye"],"firstnames":["Cimone"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Prausnitz"],"firstnames":["Stephanie"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Quesenberry"],"firstnames":["Charles","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sawyer"],"firstnames":["Debora"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Teran"],"firstnames":["Silvia"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goler"],"firstnames":["Nancy"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Parodi"],"firstnames":["Stephen","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Chen"],"firstnames":["Yi-Fen","Irene"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"June","year":"2022","keywords":"/unread","pages":"e2217004","bibtex":"@article{lieu_effect_2022,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Electronic} and {Mail} {Outreach} {From} {Primary} {Care} {Physicians} for {COVID}-19 {Vaccination} of {Black} and {Latino} {Older} {Adults}: {A} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {2574-3805},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of {Electronic} and {Mail} {Outreach} {From} {Primary} {Care} {Physicians} for {COVID}-19 {Vaccination} of {Black} and {Latino} {Older} {Adults}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004},\n\tdoi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004},\n\tabstract = {COVID-19 morbidity is highest in Black and Latino older adults. These racial and ethnic groups initially had lower vaccination uptake than others, and rates in Black adults continue to lag.To evaluate the effect of outreach via electronic secure messages and mailings from primary care physicians (PCPs) on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Black and Latino older adults and to compare the effects of culturally tailored and standard PCP messages.This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2021, with follow-up surveys through July 31, 2021. Latino and Black individuals aged 65 years and older from 4 Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) service areas were included. Data were analyzed from May 27, 2021, to September 28, 2021.Individuals who had not received COVID-19 vaccination after previous outreach were randomized to electronic secure message and/or mail outreach from their PCP, similar outreach with additional culturally tailored content, or usual care. Outreach groups were sent a secure message or letter in their PCP’s name, followed by a postcard to those still unvaccinated after 4 weeks.The primary outcome was time to receipt of COVID-19 vaccination during the 8 weeks after initial study outreach. KPNC data were supplemented with state data from external sources. Intervention effects were evaluated via proportional hazards regression.Of 8287 included individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [7.0] years; 4665 [56.3\\%] women), 2434 (29.4\\%) were Black, 3782 (45.6\\%) were Latino and preferred English-language communications, and 2071 (25.0\\%) were Latino and preferred Spanish-language communications; 2847 participants (34.4\\%) had a neighborhood deprivation index at the 75th percentile or higher. A total of 2767 participants were randomized to culturally tailored PCP outreach, 2747 participants were randomized to standard PCP outreach, and 2773 participants were randomized to usual care. Culturally tailored PCP outreach led to higher COVID-19 vaccination rates during follow-up compared with usual care (664 participants [24.0\\%] vs 603 participants [21.7\\%]; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.22; 95\\% CI, 1.09-1.37), as did standard PCP outreach (635 participants [23.1\\%]; aHR, 1.17; 95\\% CI, 1.04-1.31). Individuals who were Black (aHR, 1.19; 95\\% CI, 1.06-1.33), had high neighborhood deprivation (aHR, 1.17; 95\\% CI, 1.03-1.33), and had medium to high comorbidity scores (aHR, 1.19; 95\\% CI, 1.09-1.31) were more likely to be vaccinated during follow-up.This randomized clinical trial found that PCP outreach using electronic and mailed messages increased COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black and Latino older adults.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05096026},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2022-07-14},\n\tjournal = {JAMA Network Open},\n\tauthor = {Lieu, Tracy A. and Elkin, Eric P. and Escobar, Patricia R. and Finn, Lucy and Klein, Nicola P. and Durojaiye, Cimone and Prausnitz, Stephanie and Quesenberry, Charles P. and Sawyer, Debora and Teran, Silvia and Goler, Nancy and Parodi, Stephen M. and Chen, Yi-Fen Irene},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {/unread},\n\tpages = {e2217004},\n}\n","author_short":["Lieu, T. A.","Elkin, E. P.","Escobar, P. R.","Finn, L.","Klein, N. P.","Durojaiye, C.","Prausnitz, S.","Quesenberry, C. P.","Sawyer, D.","Teran, S.","Goler, N.","Parodi, S. M.","Chen, Y. I."],"key":"lieu_effect_2022","id":"lieu_effect_2022","bibbaseid":"lieu-elkin-escobar-finn-klein-durojaiye-prausnitz-quesenberry-etal-effectofelectronicandmailoutreachfromprimarycarephysiciansforcovid19vaccinationofblackandlatinoolderadultsarandomizedclinicaltrial-2022","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17004"},"keyword":["/unread"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/users/3696742/collections/R83ABS9S/items?key=rfyDWP44rer3frf474c89OBV&format=bibtex&limit=100","dataSources":["eGBuC5xBd7D4KhE9a"],"keywords":["/unread"],"search_terms":["effect","electronic","mail","outreach","primary","care","physicians","covid","vaccination","black","latino","older","adults","randomized","clinical","trial","lieu","elkin","escobar","finn","klein","durojaiye","prausnitz","quesenberry","sawyer","teran","goler","parodi","chen"],"title":"Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination of Black and Latino Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial","year":2022}