Time series analysis in the time domain and resampling methods for studies of functional magnetic resonance brain imaging. Locascio, J. J., Jennings, P. J., Moore, C. I., & Corkin, S. Human Brain Mapping, 5(3):168–193, 1997.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods yield rich temporal and spatial data for even a single subject, universally accepted data analysis techniques have not been developed that use all the potential information from fMRI of the brain. Specifically, temporal correlations and confounds are a problem in assessing change within pixels. Spatial correlations across pixels are a problem in determining regions of activation and in correcting for multiple significance tests. We propose methods that address these issues in the analysis of task-related changes in mean signal intensity for individual subjects. Our approach to temporally based problems within pixels is to employ a model based on autoregressive-moving average (ARMA or "Box-Jenkins") time series methods, which we call CARMA (Contrasts and ARMA). To adjust for performing multiple significance tests across pixels, taking into account between-pixel correlations, we propose adjustment of P values with "resampling methods." Our objective is to produce two- or three-dimensional brain maps that provide, at each pixel in the map, an estimated P value with absolute meaning. That is, each P value approximates the probability of having obtained by chance the observed signal effect at that pixel, given that the null hypothesis is true. Simulated and real data examples are provided.
@article{locascio_time_1997,
	title = {Time series analysis in the time domain and resampling methods for studies of functional magnetic resonance brain imaging},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1065-9471},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:3<168::AID-HBM3>3.0.CO;2-1},
	abstract = {Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods yield rich temporal and spatial data for even a single subject, universally accepted data analysis techniques have not been developed that use all the potential information from fMRI of the brain. Specifically, temporal correlations and confounds are a problem in assessing change within pixels. Spatial correlations across pixels are a problem in determining regions of activation and in correcting for multiple significance tests. We propose methods that address these issues in the analysis of task-related changes in mean signal intensity for individual subjects. Our approach to temporally based problems within pixels is to employ a model based on autoregressive-moving average (ARMA or "Box-Jenkins") time series methods, which we call CARMA (Contrasts and ARMA). To adjust for performing multiple significance tests across pixels, taking into account between-pixel correlations, we propose adjustment of P values with "resampling methods." Our objective is to produce two- or three-dimensional brain maps that provide, at each pixel in the map, an estimated P value with absolute meaning. That is, each P value approximates the probability of having obtained by chance the observed signal effect at that pixel, given that the null hypothesis is true. Simulated and real data examples are provided.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
	author = {Locascio, J. J. and Jennings, P. J. and Moore, C. I. and Corkin, S.},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {20408214},
	pages = {168--193},
	file = {Submitted Version:/Users/jjallen/Zotero/storage/CIMI3DLX/Locascio et al. - 1997 - Time series analysis in the time domain and resamp.pdf:application/pdf}
}

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