@article{RN125,
   author = {Lorenzo, M. F. and Bhonsle, S. P. and Arena, C. B. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {Rapid Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Tissue Impedance, Temperature, and Treatment Outcome During Electroporation-Based Therapies},
   journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
   volume = {68},
   number = {5},
   pages = {1536-1546},
   note = {1558-2531
Lorenzo, Melvin F
Bhonsle, Suyashree P
Arena, Christopher B
Davalos, Rafael V
P30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R01 CA240476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
P01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R43 CA233158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
2020/11/07
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 May;68(5):1536-1546. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.3036535. Epub 2021 Apr 21.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Electroporation-based therapies (EBTs) employ high voltage pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to permeabilize tumor tissue; this results in changes in electrical properties detectable using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Currently, commercial potentiostats for EIS are limited by impedance spectrum acquisition time (  ∼ 10 s); this timeframe is much larger than pulse periods used with EBTs (  ∼ 1 s). In this study, we utilize rapid EIS techniques to develop a methodology for characterizing electroporation (EP) and thermal effects associated with high-frequency irreversible EP (H-FIRE) in real-time by monitoring inter-burst impedance changes. METHODS: A charge-balanced, bipolar rectangular chirp signal is proposed for rapid EIS. Validation of rapid EIS measurements against a commercial potentiostat was conducted in potato tissue using flat-plate electrodes and thereafter for the measurement of impedance changes throughout IRE treatment. Flat-plate electrodes were then utilized to uniformly heat potato tissue; throughout high-voltage H-FIRE treatment, low-voltage inter-burst impedance measurements were used to continually monitor impedance change and to identify a frequency at which thermal effects are delineated from EP effects. RESULTS: Inter-burst impedance measurements (1.8 kHz - 4.93 MHz) were accomplished at 216 discrete frequencies. Impedance measurements at frequencies above  ∼ 1 MHz served to delineate thermal and EP effects in measured impedance. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate rapid-capture ( 1 s) EIS which enables monitoring of inter-burst impedance in real-time. For the first time, we show impedance analysis at high frequencies can delineate thermal effects from EP effects in measured impedance. SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed waveform demonstrates the potential to perform inter-burst EIS using PEFs compatible with existing pulse generator topologies.},
   keywords = {*Dielectric Spectroscopy
Electric Impedance
*Electroporation
Temperature
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0018-9294 (Print)
0018-9294},
   DOI = {10.1109/tbme.2020.3036535},
   year = {2021},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

{"_id":"ow2H2FQDc8xnrHJfW","bibbaseid":"lorenzo-bhonsle-arena-davalos-rapidimpedancespectroscopyformonitoringtissueimpedancetemperatureandtreatmentoutcomeduringelectroporationbasedtherapies-2021","author_short":["Lorenzo, M. F.","Bhonsle, S. P.","Arena, C. B.","Davalos, R. V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lorenzo"],"firstnames":["M.","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bhonsle"],"firstnames":["S.","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Arena"],"firstnames":["C.","B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Rapid Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Tissue Impedance, Temperature, and Treatment Outcome During Electroporation-Based Therapies","journal":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","volume":"68","number":"5","pages":"1536-1546","note":"1558-2531 Lorenzo, Melvin F Bhonsle, Suyashree P Arena, Christopher B Davalos, Rafael V P30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States R01 CA240476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States P01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States R43 CA233158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States R01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States 2020/11/07 IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 May;68(5):1536-1546. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.3036535. Epub 2021 Apr 21.","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Electroporation-based therapies (EBTs) employ high voltage pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to permeabilize tumor tissue; this results in changes in electrical properties detectable using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Currently, commercial potentiostats for EIS are limited by impedance spectrum acquisition time ( ∼ 10 s); this timeframe is much larger than pulse periods used with EBTs ( ∼ 1 s). In this study, we utilize rapid EIS techniques to develop a methodology for characterizing electroporation (EP) and thermal effects associated with high-frequency irreversible EP (H-FIRE) in real-time by monitoring inter-burst impedance changes. METHODS: A charge-balanced, bipolar rectangular chirp signal is proposed for rapid EIS. Validation of rapid EIS measurements against a commercial potentiostat was conducted in potato tissue using flat-plate electrodes and thereafter for the measurement of impedance changes throughout IRE treatment. Flat-plate electrodes were then utilized to uniformly heat potato tissue; throughout high-voltage H-FIRE treatment, low-voltage inter-burst impedance measurements were used to continually monitor impedance change and to identify a frequency at which thermal effects are delineated from EP effects. RESULTS: Inter-burst impedance measurements (1.8 kHz - 4.93 MHz) were accomplished at 216 discrete frequencies. Impedance measurements at frequencies above ∼ 1 MHz served to delineate thermal and EP effects in measured impedance. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate rapid-capture ( 1 s) EIS which enables monitoring of inter-burst impedance in real-time. For the first time, we show impedance analysis at high frequencies can delineate thermal effects from EP effects in measured impedance. SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed waveform demonstrates the potential to perform inter-burst EIS using PEFs compatible with existing pulse generator topologies.","keywords":"*Dielectric Spectroscopy Electric Impedance *Electroporation Temperature Treatment Outcome","issn":"0018-9294 (Print) 0018-9294","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2020.3036535","year":"2021","bibtex":"@article{RN125,\n author = {Lorenzo, M. F. and Bhonsle, S. P. and Arena, C. B. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {Rapid Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Tissue Impedance, Temperature, and Treatment Outcome During Electroporation-Based Therapies},\n journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},\n volume = {68},\n number = {5},\n pages = {1536-1546},\n note = {1558-2531\nLorenzo, Melvin F\nBhonsle, Suyashree P\nArena, Christopher B\nDavalos, Rafael V\nP30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nR01 CA240476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nP01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nR43 CA233158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nR01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nJournal Article\nResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramural\nResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\nUnited States\n2020/11/07\nIEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 May;68(5):1536-1546. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.3036535. Epub 2021 Apr 21.},\n abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Electroporation-based therapies (EBTs) employ high voltage pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to permeabilize tumor tissue; this results in changes in electrical properties detectable using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Currently, commercial potentiostats for EIS are limited by impedance spectrum acquisition time ( ∼ 10 s); this timeframe is much larger than pulse periods used with EBTs ( ∼ 1 s). In this study, we utilize rapid EIS techniques to develop a methodology for characterizing electroporation (EP) and thermal effects associated with high-frequency irreversible EP (H-FIRE) in real-time by monitoring inter-burst impedance changes. METHODS: A charge-balanced, bipolar rectangular chirp signal is proposed for rapid EIS. Validation of rapid EIS measurements against a commercial potentiostat was conducted in potato tissue using flat-plate electrodes and thereafter for the measurement of impedance changes throughout IRE treatment. Flat-plate electrodes were then utilized to uniformly heat potato tissue; throughout high-voltage H-FIRE treatment, low-voltage inter-burst impedance measurements were used to continually monitor impedance change and to identify a frequency at which thermal effects are delineated from EP effects. RESULTS: Inter-burst impedance measurements (1.8 kHz - 4.93 MHz) were accomplished at 216 discrete frequencies. Impedance measurements at frequencies above ∼ 1 MHz served to delineate thermal and EP effects in measured impedance. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate rapid-capture ( 1 s) EIS which enables monitoring of inter-burst impedance in real-time. For the first time, we show impedance analysis at high frequencies can delineate thermal effects from EP effects in measured impedance. SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed waveform demonstrates the potential to perform inter-burst EIS using PEFs compatible with existing pulse generator topologies.},\n keywords = {*Dielectric Spectroscopy\nElectric Impedance\n*Electroporation\nTemperature\nTreatment Outcome},\n ISSN = {0018-9294 (Print)\n0018-9294},\n DOI = {10.1109/tbme.2020.3036535},\n year = {2021},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Lorenzo, M. F.","Bhonsle, S. P.","Arena, C. B.","Davalos, R. V."],"key":"RN125","id":"RN125","bibbaseid":"lorenzo-bhonsle-arena-davalos-rapidimpedancespectroscopyformonitoringtissueimpedancetemperatureandtreatmentoutcomeduringelectroporationbasedtherapies-2021","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["*Dielectric Spectroscopy Electric Impedance *Electroporation Temperature Treatment Outcome"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/network/files/bdNBTZRXTsoHCgpbh","dataSources":["D4zENc4BfFNBwSYYJ","ZPLjameRikygaiM9B","3XfNmZkLe6o8CvECW","fJQsxtBoqymHQG6tL","LzxgEApraxMPkLTMn","Z2THpXfLYEJf3CB8p"],"keywords":["*dielectric spectroscopy electric impedance *electroporation temperature treatment outcome"],"search_terms":["rapid","impedance","spectroscopy","monitoring","tissue","impedance","temperature","treatment","outcome","during","electroporation","based","therapies","lorenzo","bhonsle","arena","davalos"],"title":"Rapid Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Tissue Impedance, Temperature, and Treatment Outcome During Electroporation-Based Therapies","year":2021}