Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking, Tabulation Technology and Persecution in Nazi Germany. Luebeke, D. M. & Milton, S. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 16(3):25--39, 1994. Cited by 0000abstract bibtex Nazi persecution of racial victim groups presupposed not only precise legal definitions and close cooperation among multiple governmental agencies, but also sophisticated technicalprocedures for locating those groups according to complex age, occupational,and racial criteria. This article shows how a variety of administrative tools registration,andseveralspecialracialdatabases- wereusedtolocategroups eventually slated for deportation and death, as well as the possible role played in this process by Hollerith tabulation technology,Patterns in the expulsion of Jews from Germany suggest that aggregate census data may have been used to guide this process as well. Theprecise role played by punched-card tabulation technology remains a matter of speculation. However, it is certain that as early as 1933,Nazi officials and statisticians envisioned a future in which the racial char- acteristics and vital statistics of every resident would be monitored through tabu- lation technology in a system of comprehensivesurveillance. While the “final so- lution” was in no sense caused by the availability of sophisticated census-taking and tabulation technologies,concrete evidence suggests that Hollerith machines rationalizedthemanagementof concentrationcamplabor,animportantelement in the Nazi program of “exterminationthrough work.”
@article{luebeke_locating_1994,
title = {Locating the {Victim}: {An} {Overview} of {Census}-{Taking}, {Tabulation} {Technology} and {Persecution} in {Nazi} {Germany}},
volume = {16},
abstract = {Nazi persecution of racial victim groups presupposed not only precise legal definitions and close cooperation among multiple governmental agencies, but also sophisticated technicalprocedures for locating those groups according to complex age, occupational,and racial criteria. This article shows how a variety of
administrative tools
registration,andseveralspecialracialdatabases- wereusedtolocategroups eventually slated for deportation and death, as well as the possible role played in this process by Hollerith tabulation technology,Patterns in the expulsion of Jews from Germany suggest that aggregate census data may have been used to guide this process as well. Theprecise role played by punched-card tabulation technology remains a matter of speculation. However, it is certain that as early as
1933,Nazi officials and statisticians envisioned a future in which the racial char- acteristics and vital statistics of every resident would be monitored through tabu- lation technology in a system of comprehensivesurveillance. While the “final so- lution” was in no sense caused by the availability of sophisticated census-taking and tabulation technologies,concrete evidence suggests that Hollerith machines rationalizedthemanagementof concentrationcamplabor,animportantelement in the Nazi program of “exterminationthrough work.”},
number = {3},
journal = {IEEE Annals of the History of Computing},
author = {Luebeke, David M. and Milton, Sybil},
year = {1994},
note = {Cited by 0000},
keywords = {IBM, computable space},
pages = {25--39}
}
Downloads: 0
{"_id":"4CP2NozCjiHuBqsSj","bibbaseid":"luebeke-milton-locatingthevictimanoverviewofcensustakingtabulationtechnologyandpersecutioninnazigermany-1994","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-01-26T00:06:41.363Z","title":"Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking, Tabulation Technology and Persecution in Nazi Germany","author_short":["Luebeke, D. M.","Milton, S."],"year":1994,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/quinn_d","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking, Tabulation Technology and Persecution in Nazi Germany","volume":"16","abstract":"Nazi persecution of racial victim groups presupposed not only precise legal definitions and close cooperation among multiple governmental agencies, but also sophisticated technicalprocedures for locating those groups according to complex age, occupational,and racial criteria. This article shows how a variety of administrative tools registration,andseveralspecialracialdatabases- wereusedtolocategroups eventually slated for deportation and death, as well as the possible role played in this process by Hollerith tabulation technology,Patterns in the expulsion of Jews from Germany suggest that aggregate census data may have been used to guide this process as well. Theprecise role played by punched-card tabulation technology remains a matter of speculation. However, it is certain that as early as 1933,Nazi officials and statisticians envisioned a future in which the racial char- acteristics and vital statistics of every resident would be monitored through tabu- lation technology in a system of comprehensivesurveillance. While the “final so- lution” was in no sense caused by the availability of sophisticated census-taking and tabulation technologies,concrete evidence suggests that Hollerith machines rationalizedthemanagementof concentrationcamplabor,animportantelement in the Nazi program of “exterminationthrough work.”","number":"3","journal":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Luebeke"],"firstnames":["David","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Milton"],"firstnames":["Sybil"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"1994","note":"Cited by 0000","keywords":"IBM, computable space","pages":"25--39","bibtex":"@article{luebeke_locating_1994,\n\ttitle = {Locating the {Victim}: {An} {Overview} of {Census}-{Taking}, {Tabulation} {Technology} and {Persecution} in {Nazi} {Germany}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tabstract = {Nazi persecution of racial victim groups presupposed not only precise legal definitions and close cooperation among multiple governmental agencies, but also sophisticated technicalprocedures for locating those groups according to complex age, occupational,and racial criteria. This article shows how a variety of\nadministrative tools\nregistration,andseveralspecialracialdatabases- wereusedtolocategroups eventually slated for deportation and death, as well as the possible role played in this process by Hollerith tabulation technology,Patterns in the expulsion of Jews from Germany suggest that aggregate census data may have been used to guide this process as well. Theprecise role played by punched-card tabulation technology remains a matter of speculation. However, it is certain that as early as\n1933,Nazi officials and statisticians envisioned a future in which the racial char- acteristics and vital statistics of every resident would be monitored through tabu- lation technology in a system of comprehensivesurveillance. While the “final so- lution” was in no sense caused by the availability of sophisticated census-taking and tabulation technologies,concrete evidence suggests that Hollerith machines rationalizedthemanagementof concentrationcamplabor,animportantelement in the Nazi program of “exterminationthrough work.”},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {IEEE Annals of the History of Computing},\n\tauthor = {Luebeke, David M. and Milton, Sybil},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tnote = {Cited by 0000},\n\tkeywords = {IBM, computable space},\n\tpages = {25--39}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Luebeke, D. M.","Milton, S."],"key":"luebeke_locating_1994","id":"luebeke_locating_1994","bibbaseid":"luebeke-milton-locatingthevictimanoverviewofcensustakingtabulationtechnologyandpersecutioninnazigermany-1994","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["IBM","computable space"],"downloads":0,"html":""},"search_terms":["locating","victim","overview","census","taking","tabulation","technology","persecution","nazi","germany","luebeke","milton"],"keywords":["ibm","computable space"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["sEHiQiuaak2HNiigP"]}