@article{
 title = {Some behaviour patterns of Trumpeter Swans},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {174-192},
 id = {48062217-ae52-35f6-9e51-cca6adad445b},
 created = {2019-01-16T14:51:25.198Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {91ad88dc-f53f-3c07-a2fb-dff94290c6c6},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2019-01-16T14:51:35.427Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Behaviour of habituated and imprinted Trumpeter Swans was studied in south- ern Ontario. Trumpeters have an aversion to physical contact which causes frustra- tion at the time of copulation. The swans use displacement bathing as a pre-copu- latory display. Male Trumpeters have con- trol over the moult of primary feathers and can “let go” at an opportune mo - ment. The wing-rattling threat displays of Trumpeters are derived from displace- ment drying behaviour after bathing. Very loud duetting by pairs or compan- ions proclaims the presence of a predator. Trumpeters fight by grasping the feathers of the upper back and striking simultane- ously with both wings. These blows usu- ally fall on either side of the opponent and do not connect with the body. Injury seems to be very rare. Brood dominance hierarchies are established by size but those of equal size may be determined by brief fights. Large broods may have diffi- culty in recognising differences in brood size and may confront one another bycrowding with very loud trumpeting until one brood finally gives way. In response to stress or arousal, swans lift one or both closed wings above the back.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lumsden, Harry G},
 journal = {Ontario Birds},
 number = {December}
}

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