@article{
 title = {CO 2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 keywords = {CO2,Carbon cycle,Forest ecosystems,Global database,Gross primary productivity,Net ecosystem productivity,Net primary productivity},
 pages = {2509-2537},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x},
 month = {12},
 id = {9061bd28-e275-3f16-9642-6a0d2da3a9b9},
 created = {2018-01-18T16:41:05.385Z},
 accessed = {2014-07-14},
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 profile_id = {5c1040db-25e3-36ea-a919-0994a44709e7},
 group_id = {c4af41cc-7e3c-3fd3-9982-bdb923596eee},
 last_modified = {2019-04-26T14:58:59.967Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
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 citation_key = {LUYSSAERT2007},
 source_type = {article},
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 abstract = {Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 °C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Luyssaert, Sebastiaan and INGLIMA, I. and JUNG, M. and Richardson, Andrew D. and Reichstein, Markus and PAPALE, D. and PIAO, S. L. and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef D. and WINGATE, L. and MATTEUCCI, G. and ARAGAO, L. and Aubinet, Marc and Beer, Christian and Bernhofer, Christian and BLACK, K. G. and Bonal, Damien and Bonnefond, Jean-Marc M. and CHAMBERS, J. and Ciais, Philippe and COOK, B. and DAVIS, K. J. and DOLMAN, A. J. and Gielen, Bert and Goulden, Michael L. and Grace, J. and Granier, André Andre and GRELLE, A. and GRIFFIS, Timothy J. and GRÜNWALD, T. and GUIDOLOTTI, G. and HANSON, P. J. and HARDING, R. and Hollinger, D. Y. and HUTYRA, L. R. and KOLARI, P. and KRUIJT, B. and Kutsch, W. and LAGERGREN, F. and Laurila, T. and LAW, B. E. and LE MAIRE, G. and LINDROTH, A. and Loustau, Denis and Malhi, Yadvinder and MATEUS, J. and Migliavacca, Mirco and Misson, Laurent and Montagnani, Leonardo and Moncrieff, J. and MOORS, E. and Munger, J. W. and Nikinmaa, E. and OLLINGER, S. V. and Pita, Gabriel and REBMANN, C. and Roupsard, O. and SAIGUSA, N. and SANZ, M. J. and SEUFERT, G. and SIERRA, C. and SMITH, M. L. -L. and Tang, J. and Valentini, R. and VESALA, T. and Janssens, I. A.},
 doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x},
 journal = {Global Change Biology},
 number = {12}
}

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A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 °C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.","bibtype":"article","author":"Luyssaert, Sebastiaan and INGLIMA, I. and JUNG, M. and Richardson, Andrew D. and Reichstein, Markus and PAPALE, D. and PIAO, S. L. and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef D. and WINGATE, L. and MATTEUCCI, G. and ARAGAO, L. and Aubinet, Marc and Beer, Christian and Bernhofer, Christian and BLACK, K. G. and Bonal, Damien and Bonnefond, Jean-Marc M. and CHAMBERS, J. and Ciais, Philippe and COOK, B. and DAVIS, K. J. and DOLMAN, A. J. and Gielen, Bert and Goulden, Michael L. and Grace, J. and Granier, André Andre and GRELLE, A. and GRIFFIS, Timothy J. and GRÜNWALD, T. and GUIDOLOTTI, G. and HANSON, P. J. and HARDING, R. and Hollinger, D. Y. and HUTYRA, L. R. and KOLARI, P. and KRUIJT, B. and Kutsch, W. and LAGERGREN, F. and Laurila, T. and LAW, B. 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