@article{RN179,
   author = {M., IJff D. and van Veenendaal, T. M. and Debeij-van Hall, M. H. and Jansen, J. F. and de Louw, A. J. and Majoie, M. H. and Aldenkamp, A. P.},
   title = {The Cognitive Profile of Ethosuximide in Children},
   journal = {Paediatr Drugs},
   volume = {18},
   number = {5},
   pages = {379-85},
   note = {IJff, Dominique M
van Veenendaal, Tamar M
Debeij-van Hall, Mariette H
Jansen, Jacobus F A
de Louw, Anton J A
Majoie, Marian H J M
Aldenkamp, Albert P
eng
Switzerland
2016/08/26 06:00
Paediatr Drugs. 2016 Oct;18(5):379-85. doi: 10.1007/s40272-016-0187-z.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although ethosuximide is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), little information is available about the cognitive side effects of ethosuximide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive profile of ethosuximide. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used an extensive neuropsychological test battery in patients with epilepsy aged 6-16 years who were treated with monotherapy ethosuximide. We evaluated the efficacy of the drug by seizure frequency (seizure free or not). RESULTS: We included 61 patients with a mean age of 9.4 years [standard deviation (SD) 2.7] who used on average 686 mg/day (SD 245) ESM as monotherapy. ESM was effective in the majority of the patients (70 % were seizure free for at least 6 months at moment of inclusion). The total study population showed impairments of intelligence, visuomotor, and attentional function including activation/alertness. Comparisons between the well-controlled patients and patients who were not in remission showed significantly lower intelligence values and lower performance on the visual-perceptual and attentional tasks for the group with ongoing seizures. Our results suggested that the higher order cognitive dysfunctions (such as intelligence and visual-perceptual functions) may be regarded as seizure or aetiology effects and that the impaired fluid cognitive functions, such as activation/alertness, sustained auditory attention and attentional control or switching, were due to ESM. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the attentional dysfunction resulting in psychomotor slowing and alertness deficits may be regarded as effects of ethosuximide. Although no untreated baseline assessment was available, these effects are comparable to those of other AEDs, and ethosuximide may therefore be considered an AED with only mild effects on cognition. As ethosuximide is a first-line therapy for absence seizures in childhood, and drug-induced cognitive impairment may interfere with development, learning, and academic achievement, these findings are of interest to clinicians who prescribe this drug, especially when informing parents.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Anticonvulsants/*therapeutic use
Child
Cognition/drug effects
Cross-Sectional Studies
Epilepsy, Absence/*drug therapy
Ethosuximide/*therapeutic use
Female
Humans
Male
Retrospective Studies
Seizures/drug therapy},
   ISSN = {1179-2019 (Electronic)
1174-5878 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1007/s40272-016-0187-z},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557905
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40272-016-0187-z},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

{"_id":"yX9er8F7yqdyQJ8y5","bibbaseid":"m-vanveenendaal-debeijvanhall-jansen-delouw-majoie-aldenkamp-thecognitiveprofileofethosuximideinchildren-2016","authorIDs":["9uYiZAT4SGYEdwuhG","CHX5tw5dNmS7tFMt9","DoNKbgB55xkR6SehT","FEbMpouv9cRyJBZv3","GtL5d4iFpEuoJacN7","Jeci2sNzJiMSDeJvc","QqoDaykDZWJd9YuAu","TEAWLnKpXtQE8hs6C","dR2ye6bifAsonnNMz","eJ9fizm2KNxBgiNfF","hGdeHv63Gb3m6CybW","hShritfXo7Lzr2RkJ","jDvmx9aE5aohaf7P7","rQrciQZhPyL9ovwM8","zTR82AHQxLXLWt4wi"],"author_short":["M., I. D.","van Veenendaal, T. M.","Debeij-van Hall, M. H.","Jansen, J. F.","de Louw, A. J.","Majoie, M. H.","Aldenkamp, A. P."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["M."],"firstnames":["IJff","D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Veenendaal"],"firstnames":["T.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Debeij-van","Hall"],"firstnames":["M.","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jansen"],"firstnames":["J.","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["de"],"lastnames":["Louw"],"firstnames":["A.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Majoie"],"firstnames":["M.","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Aldenkamp"],"firstnames":["A.","P."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"The Cognitive Profile of Ethosuximide in Children","journal":"Paediatr Drugs","volume":"18","number":"5","pages":"379-85","note":"IJff, Dominique M van Veenendaal, Tamar M Debeij-van Hall, Mariette H Jansen, Jacobus F A de Louw, Anton J A Majoie, Marian H J M Aldenkamp, Albert P eng Switzerland 2016/08/26 06:00 Paediatr Drugs. 2016 Oct;18(5):379-85. doi: 10.1007/s40272-016-0187-z.","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Although ethosuximide is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), little information is available about the cognitive side effects of ethosuximide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive profile of ethosuximide. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used an extensive neuropsychological test battery in patients with epilepsy aged 6-16 years who were treated with monotherapy ethosuximide. We evaluated the efficacy of the drug by seizure frequency (seizure free or not). RESULTS: We included 61 patients with a mean age of 9.4 years [standard deviation (SD) 2.7] who used on average 686 mg/day (SD 245) ESM as monotherapy. ESM was effective in the majority of the patients (70 % were seizure free for at least 6 months at moment of inclusion). The total study population showed impairments of intelligence, visuomotor, and attentional function including activation/alertness. Comparisons between the well-controlled patients and patients who were not in remission showed significantly lower intelligence values and lower performance on the visual-perceptual and attentional tasks for the group with ongoing seizures. Our results suggested that the higher order cognitive dysfunctions (such as intelligence and visual-perceptual functions) may be regarded as seizure or aetiology effects and that the impaired fluid cognitive functions, such as activation/alertness, sustained auditory attention and attentional control or switching, were due to ESM. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the attentional dysfunction resulting in psychomotor slowing and alertness deficits may be regarded as effects of ethosuximide. Although no untreated baseline assessment was available, these effects are comparable to those of other AEDs, and ethosuximide may therefore be considered an AED with only mild effects on cognition. As ethosuximide is a first-line therapy for absence seizures in childhood, and drug-induced cognitive impairment may interfere with development, learning, and academic achievement, these findings are of interest to clinicians who prescribe this drug, especially when informing parents.","keywords":"Adolescent Anticonvulsants/*therapeutic use Child Cognition/drug effects Cross-Sectional Studies Epilepsy, Absence/*drug therapy Ethosuximide/*therapeutic use Female Humans Male Retrospective Studies Seizures/drug therapy","issn":"1179-2019 (Electronic) 1174-5878 (Linking)","doi":"10.1007/s40272-016-0187-z","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557905 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40272-016-0187-z","year":"2016","bibtex":"@article{RN179,\n author = {M., IJff D. and van Veenendaal, T. M. and Debeij-van Hall, M. H. and Jansen, J. F. and de Louw, A. J. and Majoie, M. H. and Aldenkamp, A. P.},\n title = {The Cognitive Profile of Ethosuximide in Children},\n journal = {Paediatr Drugs},\n volume = {18},\n number = {5},\n pages = {379-85},\n note = {IJff, Dominique M\nvan Veenendaal, Tamar M\nDebeij-van Hall, Mariette H\nJansen, Jacobus F A\nde Louw, Anton J A\nMajoie, Marian H J M\nAldenkamp, Albert P\neng\nSwitzerland\n2016/08/26 06:00\nPaediatr Drugs. 2016 Oct;18(5):379-85. doi: 10.1007/s40272-016-0187-z.},\n abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although ethosuximide is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), little information is available about the cognitive side effects of ethosuximide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive profile of ethosuximide. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used an extensive neuropsychological test battery in patients with epilepsy aged 6-16 years who were treated with monotherapy ethosuximide. We evaluated the efficacy of the drug by seizure frequency (seizure free or not). RESULTS: We included 61 patients with a mean age of 9.4 years [standard deviation (SD) 2.7] who used on average 686 mg/day (SD 245) ESM as monotherapy. ESM was effective in the majority of the patients (70 % were seizure free for at least 6 months at moment of inclusion). The total study population showed impairments of intelligence, visuomotor, and attentional function including activation/alertness. Comparisons between the well-controlled patients and patients who were not in remission showed significantly lower intelligence values and lower performance on the visual-perceptual and attentional tasks for the group with ongoing seizures. Our results suggested that the higher order cognitive dysfunctions (such as intelligence and visual-perceptual functions) may be regarded as seizure or aetiology effects and that the impaired fluid cognitive functions, such as activation/alertness, sustained auditory attention and attentional control or switching, were due to ESM. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the attentional dysfunction resulting in psychomotor slowing and alertness deficits may be regarded as effects of ethosuximide. Although no untreated baseline assessment was available, these effects are comparable to those of other AEDs, and ethosuximide may therefore be considered an AED with only mild effects on cognition. 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