Evaluation of accuracy of non-linear finite element computations for surgical simulation: study using brain phantom. Ma, J., Wittek, A., Singh, S. P. N., Joldes, G., Washio, T., Chinzei, K., & Miller, K. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 13(6):783–794, December, 2010.
Evaluation of accuracy of non-linear finite element computations for surgical simulation: study using brain phantom [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
In this paper, the accuracy of non-linear finite element computations in application to surgical simulation was evaluated by comparing the experiment and modelling of indentation of the human brain phantom. The evaluation was realised by comparing forces acting on the indenter and the deformation of the brain phantom. The deformation of the brain phantom was measured by tracking 3D motions of X-ray opaque markers, placed within the brain phantom using a custom-built bi-plane X-ray image intensifier system. The model was implemented using the ABAQUS finite element solver. Realistic geometry obtained from magnetic resonance images and specific constitutive properties determined through compression tests were used in the model. The model accurately predicted the indentation force-displacement relations and marker displacements. Good agreement between modelling and experimental results verifies the reliability of the finite element modelling techniques used in this study and confirms the predictive power of these techniques in surgical simulation.
@ARTICLE{CMBE.2010.xraycalibration,
  author = {Jiajie Ma and Adam Wittek and Surya P. N. Singh and Grand Joldes
	and T. Washio and K. Chinzei and K. Miller},
  title = {Evaluation of accuracy of non-linear finite element computations
	for surgical simulation: study using brain phantom},
  journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {783--794},
  number = {6},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {In this paper, the accuracy of non-linear finite element computations
	in application to surgical simulation was evaluated by comparing
	the experiment and modelling of indentation of the human brain phantom.
	The evaluation was realised by comparing forces acting on the indenter
	and the deformation of the brain phantom. The deformation of the
	brain phantom was measured by tracking 3D motions of X-ray opaque
	markers, placed within the brain phantom using a custom-built bi-plane
	X-ray image intensifier system. The model was implemented using the
	ABAQUS finite element solver. Realistic geometry obtained from magnetic
	resonance images and specific constitutive properties determined
	through compression tests were used in the model. The model accurately
	predicted the indentation force-displacement relations and marker
	displacements. Good agreement between modelling and experimental
	results verifies the reliability of the finite element modelling
	techniques used in this study and confirms the predictive power of
	these techniques in surgical simulation.},
  doi = {10.1080/10255841003628995},
  pdf = {CMBE.2010.xraycalibration.pdf},
  url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/gcmb/2010/00000013/00000006/art00017}
}

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