Reversing Climate Warming by Artificial Atmospheric Carbon-Dioxide Removal: Can a Holocene-like Climate Be Restored?. MacDougall, A. H. 40(20):5480–5485.
Reversing Climate Warming by Artificial Atmospheric Carbon-Dioxide Removal: Can a Holocene-like Climate Be Restored? [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Most climate modelling studies of future climate have focused on the affects of carbon emissions in the present century or the long-term fate of anthropogenically emitted carbon. However, after carbon emissions cease there may be a desire to return to a ” safe" CO 2 concentration within this millennium. Realistically this implies artificially removing CO 2 from the atmosphere. In this study experiments are conducted using the University of Victoria Earth system climate model forced with novelfuture scenarios to explore the reversibility of climate warming as a response to a gradual return to pre-industrial radiative forcing. Due to hysteresis in the permafrost carbon pool the quantity of carbon that must be removed from the atmosphere is larger than the quantity that was originally emitted (115-180\,% of original emissions). In all the reversibility simulations with a moderate climate sensitivity a climate resembling that of the Holocene can be restored by 3000 CE.
@article{macdougallReversingClimateWarming2013,
  title = {Reversing Climate Warming by Artificial Atmospheric Carbon-Dioxide Removal: {{Can}} a {{Holocene}}-like Climate Be Restored?},
  author = {MacDougall, Andrew H.},
  date = {2013-10},
  journaltitle = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {5480--5485},
  issn = {0094-8276},
  doi = {10.1002/2013gl057467},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl057467},
  abstract = {Most climate modelling studies of future climate have focused on the affects of carbon emissions in the present century or the long-term fate of anthropogenically emitted carbon. However, after carbon emissions cease there may be a desire to return to a ” safe" CO 2 concentration within this millennium. Realistically this implies artificially removing CO 2 from the atmosphere. In this study experiments are conducted using the University of Victoria Earth system climate model forced with novelfuture scenarios to explore the reversibility of climate warming as a response to a gradual return to pre-industrial radiative forcing. Due to hysteresis in the permafrost carbon pool the quantity of carbon that must be removed from the atmosphere is larger than the quantity that was originally emitted (115-180\,\% of original emissions). In all the reversibility simulations with a moderate climate sensitivity a climate resembling that of the Holocene can be restored by 3000 CE.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12702909,carbon-cycle,carbon-dioxide-removal,climate-change,climate-engineering,complexity,global-scale,modelling,non-linearity,scenario-analysis},
  number = {20}
}

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