Inflammatory markers in pregnancy are associated with postpartum weight in South African women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy

Inflammatory markers in pregnancy are associated with postpartum weight in South African women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Madlala, H. P, Myer, L., Geffen, H., Rusch, J., Shey, M. S, Meyer, D., Goedecke, J. H, Malaba, T. R, Gray, C. M, Newell, M., & Jao, J. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 96(2):161–165, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), jun, 2024.

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Background: Postpartum weight (PPW) contributes to long-term obesity, a growing concern in persons with HIV (PWHs). We investigated whether inflammatory markers in pregnancy may be involved in postpartum (PP) obesity in PWHs. Setting: A total of 57 pregnant PWHs enrolled at ≤14 weeks gestation (T1) in Gugulethu antenatal care clinic in Cape Town and followed through 48 weeks PP were included. Methods: Plasma soluble (s) CD14, sCD163, leptin, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, resistin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed in duplicate using the Luminex platform. We considered each inflammatory marker at T1 (n = 57) and T3 (29–36 weeks gestation, n = 31) as a separate exposure of interest. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to examine whether each exposure was associated with average PPW and PPW trajectories; linear regression was used for associations with PPW change between T1 and 48 weeks. Results: The median age was 32 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29–35), 98% were multigravida, and 49% had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Higher T1 sCD14 levels were associated with higher average weight through 48 weeks PP (ß = 0.002, P = 0.04) and T3 sCD14 with higher PPW gain (ß = 0.007, P = 0.04). Leptin (ß = 0.414, P \textless 0.01), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (ß = 11.048, P \textless 0.01), and resistin (ß = 0.714, P = 0.01) at T3 were associated with higher average PPW and IL-6 (ß = 2.266, P = 0.02) with PPW gain. Conclusions: These findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in pregnancy may play a role in PP obesity, pointing to potential mechanisms with implications for long-term cardiometabolic health in PWH.

@article{Madlala2024,
abstract = {Background: Postpartum weight (PPW) contributes to long-term obesity, a growing concern in persons with HIV (PWHs). We investigated whether inflammatory markers in pregnancy may be involved in postpartum (PP) obesity in PWHs. Setting: A total of 57 pregnant PWHs enrolled at ≤14 weeks gestation (T1) in Gugulethu antenatal care clinic in Cape Town and followed through 48 weeks PP were included. Methods: Plasma soluble (s) CD14, sCD163, leptin, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, resistin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed in duplicate using the Luminex platform. We considered each inflammatory marker at T1 (n = 57) and T3 (29–36 weeks gestation, n = 31) as a separate exposure of interest. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to examine whether each exposure was associated with average PPW and PPW trajectories; linear regression was used for associations with PPW change between T1 and 48 weeks. Results: The median age was 32 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29–35), 98{\%} were multigravida, and 49{\%} had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Higher T1 sCD14 levels were associated with higher average weight through 48 weeks PP ({\ss} = 0.002, P = 0.04) and T3 sCD14 with higher PPW gain ({\ss} = 0.007, P = 0.04). Leptin ({\ss} = 0.414, P {\textless} 0.01), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 ({\ss} = 11.048, P {\textless} 0.01), and resistin ({\ss} = 0.714, P = 0.01) at T3 were associated with higher average PPW and IL-6 ({\ss} = 2.266, P = 0.02) with PPW gain. Conclusions: These findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in pregnancy may play a role in PP obesity, pointing to potential mechanisms with implications for long-term cardiometabolic health in PWH.},
author = {Madlala, Hlengiwe P and Myer, Landon and Geffen, Hayli and Rusch, Jody and Shey, Muki S and Meyer, Demi and Goedecke, Julia H and Malaba, Thokozile R and Gray, Clive M and Newell, Marie-Louise and Jao, Jennifer},
doi = {10.1097/QAI.0000000000003406},
issn = {1525-4135},
journal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes},
keywords = {OA,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,original},
mendeley-tags = {OA,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,original},
month = {jun},
number = {2},
pages = {161--165},
pmid = {38465914},
publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)},
title = {{Inflammatory markers in pregnancy are associated with postpartum weight in South African women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy}},
url = {https://journals.lww.com/jaids/fulltext/2024/06010/brief{\_}report{\_}{\_}inflammatory{\_}markers{\_}in{\_}pregnancy.9.aspx},
volume = {96},
year = {2024}
}

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Methods: Plasma soluble (s) CD14, sCD163, leptin, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, resistin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed in duplicate using the Luminex platform. We considered each inflammatory marker at T1 (n = 57) and T3 (29–36 weeks gestation, n = 31) as a separate exposure of interest. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to examine whether each exposure was associated with average PPW and PPW trajectories; linear regression was used for associations with PPW change between T1 and 48 weeks. Results: The median age was 32 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29–35), 98% were multigravida, and 49% had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Higher T1 sCD14 levels were associated with higher average weight through 48 weeks PP (ß = 0.002, P = 0.04) and T3 sCD14 with higher PPW gain (ß = 0.007, P = 0.04). Leptin (ß = 0.414, P \\textless 0.01), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (ß = 11.048, P \\textless 0.01), and resistin (ß = 0.714, P = 0.01) at T3 were associated with higher average PPW and IL-6 (ß = 2.266, P = 0.02) with PPW gain. 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