@article{
 title = {Waterborne 17 α-ethynylestradiol affects aggressive behaviour male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) under artificial spawning conditions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {BEHAVIOR,ELA,ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION,FISH,Fathead minnow,spawning},
 pages = {697-710},
 volume = {37},
 id = {6c253705-81d4-363a-a6e5-34ed8e042cb9},
 created = {2019-07-12T15:07:59.645Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {3c181434-ae75-3e95-a723-2bfcc2f14c0b},
 group_id = {db3318bf-b2fb-3b86-9f1d-17188c0ddfa3},
 last_modified = {2019-07-23T18:06:53.248Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Majewski2002},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Among fishes, courtship behaviour and nesting defense are strong predictors of reproductive success. We conducted three experiments to assess the impacts of exposure to 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on the ability of males to establish and defend a spawning territory. Fish were exposed to EE2 (2 or 8 ng L-1) for 27 days, while spawning conditions were gradually optimized. Control (ethanol only) males (C) were paired with treated males (L = low dose), H = high dose) (experiment 1) or individuals from their own treatment group (experiment 2) in competition for a nest site. Solitary males occupied a nest site prior to adding a second male from the same treatment group experiment 3. Behaviour was quantified from video records. Exposure to EE2 impaired a male's ability to compete and acquire territories compared to unexposed individuals (experiment 1), but was similar when males were paired with like-treated conspecifics (experiments 2 and 3). Higher levels of overall aggression (aggression rates of both fish) occurred in C vs. L and C vs. H than C vs. C trials (experiment 1). Induction of vitellogenin was significantly higher in exposed fish relative to controls.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Majewski, A. R. and Blanchfield, P. J. and Palace, V. P. and Wautier, K.},
 journal = {Water Quality Research Journal of Canada},
 number = {4}
}

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