Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries

Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries. Marino, R., Chan, F., Howarth, W, R., Pace, M., Likens, & E, G. Ecosystems, 5(7):719--725, 2002.

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Many types of ecosystems have little or no N2 fix- ation even when nitrogen (N) is strongly limiting to primary production. Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.

@article{ Marino2002,
  abstract = {Many types of ecosystems have little or no N2 fix- ation even when nitrogen (N) is strongly limiting to primary production. Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.},
  author = {Marino, Roxanne and Chan, Francis and Howarth, Robert W and Pace, Michael and Likens, Gene E},
  doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},
  issn = {14329840},
  journal = {Ecosystems},
  keywords = {cation,estuaries,eutrophi,grazing,heterocystic,nitrogen fixation,nitrogen limitation},
  number = {7},
  pages = {719--725},
  title = {{Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries}},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\&id=doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},
  volume = {5},
  year = {2002}
}

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Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.},\n author = {Marino, Roxanne and Chan, Francis and Howarth, Robert W and Pace, Michael and Likens, Gene E},\n doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},\n issn = {14329840},\n journal = {Ecosystems},\n keywords = {cation,estuaries,eutrophi,grazing,heterocystic,nitrogen fixation,nitrogen limitation},\n number = {7},\n pages = {719--725},\n title = {{Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries}},\n url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\\&id=doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},\n volume = {5},\n year = {2002}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" id=\"abstract_Marino2002\"\n style=\"display:none\">\n Many types of ecosystems have little or no N2 fix- ation even when nitrogen (N) is strongly limiting to primary production. Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n","downloads":0,"keyword":["cation","estuaries","eutrophi","grazing","heterocystic","nitrogen fixation","nitrogen limitation"],"abstract":"Many types of ecosystems have little or no N2 fix- ation even when nitrogen (N) is strongly limiting to primary production. Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.","author":["Marino, Roxanne","Chan, Francis","Howarth","W, Robert","Pace, Michael","Likens","E, Gene"],"author_short":["Marino, R.","Chan, F.","Howarth","W, R.","Pace, M.","Likens","E, G."],"bibtex":"@article{ Marino2002,\n abstract = {Many types of ecosystems have little or no N2 fix- ation even when nitrogen (N) is strongly limiting to primary production. Estuaries generally fit this pat- tern. In contrast to lakes, where blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are often sufficient to alleviate N def- icits relative to phosphorus (P) availability, plank- tonic N2 fixation is unimportant in most N-limited estuaries. Heterocystic cyanobacteria capable of N2 fixation are seldom observed in estuaries where the salinity exceeds 810 ppt, and blooms have never been reported in such estuaries in North America. However, we provided conditions in estuarine me- socosms (salinity over 27 ppt) that allowed hetero- cystic cyanobacteria to grow and fix N2 when zoo- plankton populations were kept low. Grazing by macrozooplankton at population densities encountered in estuaries strongly suppressed cyanobacterial populations and N2 fixation. The cyanobacteria grew more slowly than observed in fresh waters, at least in part due to the inhibitory effect of sulfate (SO4 2), and this slow rate of growth increased their vulnera- bility to grazing. We conclude that interactions be- tween physiological (bottomup) factors that slow the growth rate of cyanobacteria and ecological (top down) factors such as grazing are likely to be impor- tant regulators excluding planktonic N2 fixation from most Temperate Zone estuaries.},\n author = {Marino, Roxanne and Chan, Francis and Howarth, Robert W and Pace, Michael and Likens, Gene E},\n doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},\n issn = {14329840},\n journal = {Ecosystems},\n keywords = {cation,estuaries,eutrophi,grazing,heterocystic,nitrogen fixation,nitrogen limitation},\n number = {7},\n pages = {719--725},\n title = {{Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries}},\n url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\\&id=doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7},\n volume = {5},\n year = {2002}\n}","bibtype":"article","doi":"10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7","id":"Marino2002","issn":"14329840","journal":"Ecosystems","key":"Marino2002","keywords":"cation,estuaries,eutrophi,grazing,heterocystic,nitrogen fixation,nitrogen limitation","number":"7","pages":"719--725","title":"Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries","type":"article","url":"http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\\&id=doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7","volume":"5","year":"2002","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\\&id=doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0176-7"},"bibbaseid":"marino-chan-howarth-w-pace-likens-e-ecologicalandbiogeochemicalinteractionsconstrainplanktonicnitrogenfixationinestuaries-2002"},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/howarth/documents/Howarth2013_09_18.bib","downloads":0,"search_terms":["ecological","biogeochemical","interactions","constrain","planktonic","nitrogen","fixation","estuaries","marino","chan","howarth","w","pace","likens","e"],"title":"Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries","year":2002,"dataSources":["PN48FbheHDCMHk2uK"]}