@article{
 title = {Energy metabolism during embryonic development and larval growth of an Antarctic sea urchin.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animals,Energy Metabolism,Larva,Larva: metabolism,Sea Urchins,Sea Urchins: embryology,Sea Urchins: metabolism},
 pages = {2041-50},
 volume = {202},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10393819},
 month = {8},
 id = {6ea0efa1-fafd-3bb1-8c9c-c069f7c7b48a},
 created = {2012-12-06T09:13:40.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {0b777e31-8c9d-39dd-97a3-3e054bd99cfe},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Marsh1999d},
 abstract = {Developmental energetics of an Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri, were quantified to describe the physiological bases underlying ontogenetic changes in metabolic rate at extreme cold temperatures (-1.5 degrees C). Rates of development from a four-arm to a six-arm larval stage were not affected by food availability. The respiratory cost of development to the six-arm larval stage (day 60) was 14.0 mJ for fed larvae and 8.2 mJ for unfed larvae. We observed three phases of metabolic regulation during development. During embryogenesis (day 0-22), increasing metabolic rates were proportional to increases in cell numbers. During early larval development (day 22-47), the differences in respiratory rate between fed and unfed larvae were not accounted for by cell number, but by cell-specific metabolic rate (respiratory rate normalized to DNA content). Once an advanced larval stage had been reached (day 47-60), cell-specific respiratory rate and mitochondrial densities (citrate synthase activity normalized to DNA content) were more equivalent between fed and unfed larvae, suggesting that size-specific metabolic rates were determined at a level of physiological regulation that was independent of cell numbers or feeding history.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Marsh, a G and Leong, P K and Manahan, D T},
 journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
 number = {Pt 15}
}

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