Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Martinez, A., Anllo-Vento, L., Sereno, M. I., Frank, L. R., Buxton, R., Dubowitz, D. J., Wong, E., Hinrichs, H., Heinze, H., & Hillyard, S. A. Nature Neuroscience, 2(4):364-9, 1999.
abstract   bibtex   
Department of Psychology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0608, USA. We investigated the cortical mechanisms of visual-spatial attention while subjects discriminated patterned targets within distractor arrays. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to map the boundaries of retinotopic visual areas and to localize attention-related changes in neural activity within several of those areas, including primary visual (striate) cortex. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and modeling of their neural sources, however, indicated that the initial sensory input to striate cortex at 50-55 milliseconds after the stimulus was not modulated by attention. The earliest facilitation of attended signals was observed in extrastriate visual areas, at 70-75 milliseconds. We hypothesize that the striate cortex modulation found with fMRI may represent a delayed, re-entrant feedback from higher visual areas or a sustained biasing of striate cortical neurons during attention. ERP recordings provide critical temporal information for analyzing the functional neuroanatomy of visual attention.
@article{ Martinez_etal99,
  author = {Martinez, A. and Anllo-Vento, L. and Sereno, M. I. and Frank, L.
	R. and Buxton, R.B. and Dubowitz, D. J. and Wong, E.C. and Hinrichs,
	H. and Heinze, H.J. and Hillyard, S. A.},
  title = {Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in
	spatial attention},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {364-9},
  number = {4},
  abstract = { Department of Psychology, University of California at San Diego,
	La Jolla 92093-0608, USA. We investigated the cortical mechanisms
	of visual-spatial attention while subjects discriminated patterned
	targets within distractor arrays. Functional magnetic resonance imaging
	(fMRI) was used to map the boundaries of retinotopic visual areas
	and to localize attention-related changes in neural activity within
	several of those areas, including primary visual (striate) cortex.
	Event-related potentials (ERPs) and modeling of their neural sources,
	however, indicated that the initial sensory input to striate cortex
	at 50-55 milliseconds after the stimulus was not modulated by attention.
	The earliest facilitation of attended signals was observed in extrastriate
	visual areas, at 70-75 milliseconds. We hypothesize that the striate
	cortex modulation found with fMRI may represent a delayed, re-entrant
	feedback from higher visual areas or a sustained biasing of striate
	cortical neurons during attention. ERP recordings provide critical
	temporal information for analyzing the functional neuroanatomy of
	visual attention.}
}

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