Damage activates <i>EXG1</i> and <i>RLP44</i> to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration in Arabidopsis. Mazumdar, S., Augstein, F., Zhang, A., Musseau, C., Anjam, M. S., Marhavy, P., & Melnyk, C. W. Plant Communications, January, 2025. ![Damage activates <i>EXG1</i> and <i>RLP44</i> to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration in Arabidopsis [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Plants possess remarkable regenerative abilities to form de novo vasculature after damage and in response to pathogens that invade and withdraw nutrients. To look for common factors that affect vascular formation upon stress, we searched for Arabidopsis thaliana genes differentially expressed upon Agrobacterium infection, nematode infection and plant grafting. One such gene was cell wall related and highly induced by all three stresses and was named ENHANCED XYLEM AND GRAFTING1 (EXG1) since mutations in it promoted ectopic xylem formation in Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL) and enhanced graft formation. Further observations revealed that exg1 mutants inhibited cambium development and callus formation but enhanced tissue attachment, syncytium size, phloem reconnection and xylem formation. Given that brassinosteroids also promote xylem differentiation, we analyzed brassinosteroid-related genes and found that mutations in a receptor-like protein, RLP44, caused similar regeneration-related phenotypes as mutations in EXG1. Like EXG1, RLP44 expression was induced by grafting and wounding. Mutations in EXG1 and RLP44 affected the expression of many genes in common including those related to cell walls and genes important for vascular regeneration. We propose that EXG1 integrates information from wounding or pathogen stresses and functions with RLP44 to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration and healing.
@article{mazumdar_damage_2025,
title = {Damage activates \textit{{EXG1}} and \textit{{RLP44}} to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration in {Arabidopsis}},
issn = {2590-3462},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590346225000185},
doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2025.101256},
abstract = {Plants possess remarkable regenerative abilities to form de novo vasculature after damage and in response to pathogens that invade and withdraw nutrients. To look for common factors that affect vascular formation upon stress, we searched for Arabidopsis thaliana genes differentially expressed upon Agrobacterium infection, nematode infection and plant grafting. One such gene was cell wall related and highly induced by all three stresses and was named ENHANCED XYLEM AND GRAFTING1 (EXG1) since mutations in it promoted ectopic xylem formation in Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL) and enhanced graft formation. Further observations revealed that exg1 mutants inhibited cambium development and callus formation but enhanced tissue attachment, syncytium size, phloem reconnection and xylem formation. Given that brassinosteroids also promote xylem differentiation, we analyzed brassinosteroid-related genes and found that mutations in a receptor-like protein, RLP44, caused similar regeneration-related phenotypes as mutations in EXG1. Like EXG1, RLP44 expression was induced by grafting and wounding. Mutations in EXG1 and RLP44 affected the expression of many genes in common including those related to cell walls and genes important for vascular regeneration. We propose that EXG1 integrates information from wounding or pathogen stresses and functions with RLP44 to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration and healing.},
urldate = {2025-01-24},
journal = {Plant Communications},
author = {Mazumdar, Shamik and Augstein, Frauke and Zhang, Ai and Musseau, Constance and Anjam, Muhammad Shahzad and Marhavy, Peter and Melnyk, Charles W.},
month = jan,
year = {2025},
keywords = {Cell wall, Grafting, Regeneration, Stress, Wounding, Xylem},
pages = {101256},
}
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One such gene was cell wall related and highly induced by all three stresses and was named ENHANCED XYLEM AND GRAFTING1 (EXG1) since mutations in it promoted ectopic xylem formation in Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL) and enhanced graft formation. Further observations revealed that exg1 mutants inhibited cambium development and callus formation but enhanced tissue attachment, syncytium size, phloem reconnection and xylem formation. Given that brassinosteroids also promote xylem differentiation, we analyzed brassinosteroid-related genes and found that mutations in a receptor-like protein, RLP44, caused similar regeneration-related phenotypes as mutations in EXG1. Like EXG1, RLP44 expression was induced by grafting and wounding. Mutations in EXG1 and RLP44 affected the expression of many genes in common including those related to cell walls and genes important for vascular regeneration. 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To look for common factors that affect vascular formation upon stress, we searched for Arabidopsis thaliana genes differentially expressed upon Agrobacterium infection, nematode infection and plant grafting. One such gene was cell wall related and highly induced by all three stresses and was named ENHANCED XYLEM AND GRAFTING1 (EXG1) since mutations in it promoted ectopic xylem formation in Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL) and enhanced graft formation. Further observations revealed that exg1 mutants inhibited cambium development and callus formation but enhanced tissue attachment, syncytium size, phloem reconnection and xylem formation. Given that brassinosteroids also promote xylem differentiation, we analyzed brassinosteroid-related genes and found that mutations in a receptor-like protein, RLP44, caused similar regeneration-related phenotypes as mutations in EXG1. Like EXG1, RLP44 expression was induced by grafting and wounding. 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