@Article{McDonald1999,
  author       = {McDonald, M. A. and Fox, C. G.},
  title        = {Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation},
  journal      = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  year         = {1999},
  volume       = {105},
  month        = may,
  pages        = {2643-2651},
  comment      = {Long-duration low-frequency digital recordings are potentially available
	from more than 30 deep ocean hydrophones deployed around the world’s
	oceans by the U.S. military. These hydrophone systems were designed
	either to track Soviet submarines or monitor missile impacts and
	nuclear tests in the central Pacific, but the recordings also contain
	many natural sounds produced by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and
	whales.
	
	
	Estimating absolute abundance directly from acoustic recordings requires
	understanding the acoustic behavior of the whales to a degree beyond
	our present state of knowledge.
	
	
	However, minimum abundance estimates can be derived from an isolated
	hydrophone if the range for each of the calling whales can be accurately
	estimated. Absolute abundance estimates may ultimately be achieved
	by deriving empirical calibrations from acoustic recordings obtained
	from areas where population density is known from visual census efforts.
	
	
	In this paper, a method of population assessment based on acoustic
	techniques is applied to the study of fin whales (B. physalus) using
	a seafloor hydrophone located off the island of Oahu, Hawaii, an
	area where so few fin whales have been seen that their density has
	not been previously estimated (Mobley et al., 1996). Based on acoustic
	data from this one hydrophone, a minimum density estimate of fin
	whales at this site 0.081 animals/1000 km2! during peak season is
	derived. Finally, criteria are proposed by which call abundance at
	a site can be measured to ultimately provide an empirically calibrated
	population density estimate.
	
	
	In contrast to visual fin whale distance sampling data where detection
	rates decrease with range out to a maximum of about 6 km (Clark and
	Fristrup, 1997) because it is more difficult to see more distant
	animals, ocean acoustic data for fin whales from a deepwater hydrophone
	have a relatively constant detection rate out to about 20 km where
	variability in ambient noise levels and in call source levels combine
	to obscure some calls.
	
	
	The most obvious problem with estimating population density using
	single hydrophone data is that if only one point, the hydrophone
	location, is sampled, a few resident whales could produce the vast
	majority of the calls. Multiple hydrophone locations are needed before
	extrapolating such a population density estimate to a much larger
	area.},
  file         = {McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:PDF},
  numero       = {43},
  owner        = {Tiago},
  paperprinted = {yes},
  subdatabase  = {postdoc},
  timestamp    = {2007.07.23},
}

{"_id":"2nqguEQokD7uKJTAf","bibbaseid":"mcdonald-fox-passiveacousticmethodsappliedtofinwhalepopulationdensityestimation-1999","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["McDonald, M. A.","Fox, C. G."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["McDonald"],"firstnames":["M.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fox"],"firstnames":["C.","G."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation","journal":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","year":"1999","volume":"105","month":"May","pages":"2643-2651","comment":"Long-duration low-frequency digital recordings are potentially available from more than 30 deep ocean hydrophones deployed around the world’s oceans by the U.S. military. These hydrophone systems were designed either to track Soviet submarines or monitor missile impacts and nuclear tests in the central Pacific, but the recordings also contain many natural sounds produced by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and whales. Estimating absolute abundance directly from acoustic recordings requires understanding the acoustic behavior of the whales to a degree beyond our present state of knowledge. However, minimum abundance estimates can be derived from an isolated hydrophone if the range for each of the calling whales can be accurately estimated. Absolute abundance estimates may ultimately be achieved by deriving empirical calibrations from acoustic recordings obtained from areas where population density is known from visual census efforts. In this paper, a method of population assessment based on acoustic techniques is applied to the study of fin whales (B. physalus) using a seafloor hydrophone located off the island of Oahu, Hawaii, an area where so few fin whales have been seen that their density has not been previously estimated (Mobley et al., 1996). Based on acoustic data from this one hydrophone, a minimum density estimate of fin whales at this site 0.081 animals/1000 km2! during peak season is derived. Finally, criteria are proposed by which call abundance at a site can be measured to ultimately provide an empirically calibrated population density estimate. In contrast to visual fin whale distance sampling data where detection rates decrease with range out to a maximum of about 6 km (Clark and Fristrup, 1997) because it is more difficult to see more distant animals, ocean acoustic data for fin whales from a deepwater hydrophone have a relatively constant detection rate out to about 20 km where variability in ambient noise levels and in call source levels combine to obscure some calls. The most obvious problem with estimating population density using single hydrophone data is that if only one point, the hydrophone location, is sampled, a few resident whales could produce the vast majority of the calls. Multiple hydrophone locations are needed before extrapolating such a population density estimate to a much larger area.","file":"McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:PDF","numero":"43","owner":"Tiago","paperprinted":"yes","subdatabase":"postdoc","timestamp":"2007.07.23","bibtex":"@Article{McDonald1999,\r\n author = {McDonald, M. A. and Fox, C. G.},\r\n title = {Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation},\r\n journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},\r\n year = {1999},\r\n volume = {105},\r\n month = may,\r\n pages = {2643-2651},\r\n comment = {Long-duration low-frequency digital recordings are potentially available\r\n\tfrom more than 30 deep ocean hydrophones deployed around the world’s\r\n\toceans by the U.S. military. These hydrophone systems were designed\r\n\teither to track Soviet submarines or monitor missile impacts and\r\n\tnuclear tests in the central Pacific, but the recordings also contain\r\n\tmany natural sounds produced by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and\r\n\twhales.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tEstimating absolute abundance directly from acoustic recordings requires\r\n\tunderstanding the acoustic behavior of the whales to a degree beyond\r\n\tour present state of knowledge.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tHowever, minimum abundance estimates can be derived from an isolated\r\n\thydrophone if the range for each of the calling whales can be accurately\r\n\testimated. Absolute abundance estimates may ultimately be achieved\r\n\tby deriving empirical calibrations from acoustic recordings obtained\r\n\tfrom areas where population density is known from visual census efforts.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tIn this paper, a method of population assessment based on acoustic\r\n\ttechniques is applied to the study of fin whales (B. physalus) using\r\n\ta seafloor hydrophone located off the island of Oahu, Hawaii, an\r\n\tarea where so few fin whales have been seen that their density has\r\n\tnot been previously estimated (Mobley et al., 1996). Based on acoustic\r\n\tdata from this one hydrophone, a minimum density estimate of fin\r\n\twhales at this site 0.081 animals/1000 km2! during peak season is\r\n\tderived. Finally, criteria are proposed by which call abundance at\r\n\ta site can be measured to ultimately provide an empirically calibrated\r\n\tpopulation density estimate.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tIn contrast to visual fin whale distance sampling data where detection\r\n\trates decrease with range out to a maximum of about 6 km (Clark and\r\n\tFristrup, 1997) because it is more difficult to see more distant\r\n\tanimals, ocean acoustic data for fin whales from a deepwater hydrophone\r\n\thave a relatively constant detection rate out to about 20 km where\r\n\tvariability in ambient noise levels and in call source levels combine\r\n\tto obscure some calls.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tThe most obvious problem with estimating population density using\r\n\tsingle hydrophone data is that if only one point, the hydrophone\r\n\tlocation, is sampled, a few resident whales could produce the vast\r\n\tmajority of the calls. Multiple hydrophone locations are needed before\r\n\textrapolating such a population density estimate to a much larger\r\n\tarea.},\r\n file = {McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:McDonald&Fox1999.pdf:PDF},\r\n numero = {43},\r\n owner = {Tiago},\r\n paperprinted = {yes},\r\n subdatabase = {postdoc},\r\n timestamp = {2007.07.23},\r\n}\r\n\r\n","author_short":["McDonald, M. A.","Fox, C. G."],"key":"McDonald1999","id":"McDonald1999","bibbaseid":"mcdonald-fox-passiveacousticmethodsappliedtofinwhalepopulationdensityestimation-1999","role":"author","urls":{},"downloads":0,"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://distancelive.xyz/MainBibFile.bib","creationDate":"2020-06-16T14:23:35.548Z","downloads":0,"keywords":[],"search_terms":["passive","acoustic","methods","applied","fin","whale","population","density","estimation","mcdonald","fox"],"title":"Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation","year":1999,"dataSources":["RjvoQBP8rG4o3b4Wi"]}