Intermodal selective attention in monkeys. I: distribution and timing of effects across visual areas. Mehta, A. D., Ulbert, I., & Schroeder, C. E. Cerebral Cortex, 10(4):343-58, 2000. abstract bibtex This study quantified the magnitude and timing of selective attention effects across areas of the macaque visual system, including the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), lower cortical areas V1 and V2, and multiple higher visual areas in the dorsal and ventral processing streams. We used one stimulus configuration and behavioral paradigm, with simultaneous recordings from different areas to allow direct comparison of the distribution and timing of attention effects across the system. Streams of interdigitated auditory and visual stimuli were presented at a high rate with an irregular interstimulus interval (mean of 4/s). Attention to visual stimuli was manipulated by requiring subjects to make discriminative behavioral responses to stimuli in one sensory modality, ignoring all stimuli in the other. The attended modality was alternated across trial blocks, and difficulty of discrimination was equated across modalities. Stimulus presentation was gated, so that no stimuli were presented unless the subject gazed at the center of the visual stimulus display. Visual stimuli were diffuse light flashes differing in intensity or color and subtending 12 degrees centered at the point of gaze. Laminar event-related potential (ERP) and current source density (CSD) response profiles were sampled during multiple paired penetrations in multiple visual areas with linear array multicontact electrodes. Attention effects were assessed by comparing responses to specific visual stimuli when attended versus when visual stimuli were looked at the same way, but ignored. Effects were quantified by computing a modulation index (MI), a ratio of the differential CSD response produced by attention to the sum responses to attended and ignored visual stimuli. The average MI increased up levels of the lower visual pathways from none in the LGN to 0.0278 in V1 to 0.101 in V2 to 0.170 in V4. Above the V2 level, attention effects were larger in ventral stream areas (MI = 0. 152) than in dorsal stream areas (MI = 0.052). Although onset latencies were shortest in dorsal stream areas, attentional modulation of the early response was small relative to the stimulus-evoked response. Higher ventral stream areas showed substantial attention effects at the earliest poststimulus time points, followed by the lower visual areas V2 and V1. In all areas, attentional modulation lagged the onset of the stimulus-evoked response, and attention effects grew over the time course of the neuronal response. The most powerful, consistent, and earliest attention effects were those found to occur in area V4, during the 100-300 ms poststimulus interval. Smaller effects occurred in V2 over the same interval, and the bulk of attention effects in V1 were later. In the accompanying paper, we describe the physiology of attention effects in V1, V2 and V4.
@article{ Mehta_etal00a,
author = {Mehta, A. D. and Ulbert, I. and Schroeder, C. E.},
title = {Intermodal selective attention in monkeys. {I:} distribution and
timing of effects across visual areas},
journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
year = {2000},
volume = {10},
pages = {343-58},
number = {4},
abstract = {This study quantified the magnitude and timing of selective attention
effects across areas of the macaque visual system, including the
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), lower cortical areas V1 and V2,
and multiple higher visual areas in the dorsal and ventral processing
streams. We used one stimulus configuration and behavioral paradigm,
with simultaneous recordings from different areas to allow direct
comparison of the distribution and timing of attention effects across
the system. Streams of interdigitated auditory and visual stimuli
were presented at a high rate with an irregular interstimulus interval
(mean of 4/s). Attention to visual stimuli was manipulated by requiring
subjects to make discriminative behavioral responses to stimuli in
one sensory modality, ignoring all stimuli in the other. The attended
modality was alternated across trial blocks, and difficulty of discrimination
was equated across modalities. Stimulus presentation was gated, so
that no stimuli were presented unless the subject gazed at the center
of the visual stimulus display. Visual stimuli were diffuse light
flashes differing in intensity or color and subtending 12 degrees
centered at the point of gaze. Laminar event-related potential (ERP)
and current source density (CSD) response profiles were sampled during
multiple paired penetrations in multiple visual areas with linear
array multicontact electrodes. Attention effects were assessed by
comparing responses to specific visual stimuli when attended versus
when visual stimuli were looked at the same way, but ignored. Effects
were quantified by computing a modulation index (MI), a ratio of
the differential CSD response produced by attention to the sum responses
to attended and ignored visual stimuli. The average MI increased
up levels of the lower visual pathways from none in the LGN to 0.0278
in V1 to 0.101 in V2 to 0.170 in V4. Above the V2 level, attention
effects were larger in ventral stream areas (MI = 0. 152) than in
dorsal stream areas (MI = 0.052). Although onset latencies were shortest
in dorsal stream areas, attentional modulation of the early response
was small relative to the stimulus-evoked response. Higher ventral
stream areas showed substantial attention effects at the earliest
poststimulus time points, followed by the lower visual areas V2 and
V1. In all areas, attentional modulation lagged the onset of the
stimulus-evoked response, and attention effects grew over the time
course of the neuronal response. The most powerful, consistent, and
earliest attention effects were those found to occur in area V4,
during the 100-300 ms poststimulus interval. Smaller effects occurred
in V2 over the same interval, and the bulk of attention effects in
V1 were later. In the accompanying paper, we describe the physiology
of attention effects in V1, V2 and V4.}
}
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Streams of interdigitated auditory and visual stimuli were presented at a high rate with an irregular interstimulus interval (mean of 4/s). Attention to visual stimuli was manipulated by requiring subjects to make discriminative behavioral responses to stimuli in one sensory modality, ignoring all stimuli in the other. The attended modality was alternated across trial blocks, and difficulty of discrimination was equated across modalities. Stimulus presentation was gated, so that no stimuli were presented unless the subject gazed at the center of the visual stimulus display. Visual stimuli were diffuse light flashes differing in intensity or color and subtending 12 degrees centered at the point of gaze. Laminar event-related potential (ERP) and current source density (CSD) response profiles were sampled during multiple paired penetrations in multiple visual areas with linear array multicontact electrodes. Attention effects were assessed by comparing responses to specific visual stimuli when attended versus when visual stimuli were looked at the same way, but ignored. Effects were quantified by computing a modulation index (MI), a ratio of the differential CSD response produced by attention to the sum responses to attended and ignored visual stimuli. The average MI increased up levels of the lower visual pathways from none in the LGN to 0.0278 in V1 to 0.101 in V2 to 0.170 in V4. Above the V2 level, attention effects were larger in ventral stream areas (MI = 0. 152) than in dorsal stream areas (MI = 0.052). Although onset latencies were shortest in dorsal stream areas, attentional modulation of the early response was small relative to the stimulus-evoked response. Higher ventral stream areas showed substantial attention effects at the earliest poststimulus time points, followed by the lower visual areas V2 and V1. In all areas, attentional modulation lagged the onset of the stimulus-evoked response, and attention effects grew over the time course of the neuronal response. The most powerful, consistent, and earliest attention effects were those found to occur in area V4, during the 100-300 ms poststimulus interval. Smaller effects occurred in V2 over the same interval, and the bulk of attention effects in V1 were later. In the accompanying paper, we describe the physiology of attention effects in V1, V2 and V4.","author":["Mehta, A. D.","Ulbert, I.","Schroeder, C. E."],"author_short":["Mehta, A.<nbsp>D.","Ulbert, I.","Schroeder, C.<nbsp>E."],"bibtex":"@article{ Mehta_etal00a,\n author = {Mehta, A. D. and Ulbert, I. and Schroeder, C. 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Attention to visual stimuli was manipulated by requiring\n\tsubjects to make discriminative behavioral responses to stimuli in\n\tone sensory modality, ignoring all stimuli in the other. The attended\n\tmodality was alternated across trial blocks, and difficulty of discrimination\n\twas equated across modalities. Stimulus presentation was gated, so\n\tthat no stimuli were presented unless the subject gazed at the center\n\tof the visual stimulus display. Visual stimuli were diffuse light\n\tflashes differing in intensity or color and subtending 12 degrees\n\tcentered at the point of gaze. Laminar event-related potential (ERP)\n\tand current source density (CSD) response profiles were sampled during\n\tmultiple paired penetrations in multiple visual areas with linear\n\tarray multicontact electrodes. Attention effects were assessed by\n\tcomparing responses to specific visual stimuli when attended versus\n\twhen visual stimuli were looked at the same way, but ignored. Effects\n\twere quantified by computing a modulation index (MI), a ratio of\n\tthe differential CSD response produced by attention to the sum responses\n\tto attended and ignored visual stimuli. The average MI increased\n\tup levels of the lower visual pathways from none in the LGN to 0.0278\n\tin V1 to 0.101 in V2 to 0.170 in V4. Above the V2 level, attention\n\teffects were larger in ventral stream areas (MI = 0. 152) than in\n\tdorsal stream areas (MI = 0.052). Although onset latencies were shortest\n\tin dorsal stream areas, attentional modulation of the early response\n\twas small relative to the stimulus-evoked response. Higher ventral\n\tstream areas showed substantial attention effects at the earliest\n\tpoststimulus time points, followed by the lower visual areas V2 and\n\tV1. In all areas, attentional modulation lagged the onset of the\n\tstimulus-evoked response, and attention effects grew over the time\n\tcourse of the neuronal response. 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