2.8 Million Years of Arctic Climate Change from Lake El’gygytgyn, NE Russia. Melles, M., Brigham-Grette, J., Minyuk, P. S., Nowaczyk, N. R., Wennrich, V., DeConto, R. M., Anderson, P. M., Andreev, A. A., Coletti, A., Cook, T. L., Haltia-Hovi, E., Kukkonen, M., Lozhkin, A. V., Rosén, P., Tarasov, P., Vogel, H., & Wagner, B. Science, 337(6092):315–320, July, 2012. 00000
2.8 Million Years of Arctic Climate Change from Lake El’gygytgyn, NE Russia [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. A sediment core from Lake El’gygytgyn in northeastern (NE) Russia provides a continuous, high-resolution record from the Arctic, spanning the past 2.8 million years. This core reveals numerous “super interglacials” during the Quaternary; for marine benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31, maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation values are ~4° to 5°C and ~300 millimeters higher than those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show that these extreme warm conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity. A sediment core from a Russian lake provides a high-latitude climate record where prior terrestrial records have been sparse. A sediment core from a Russian lake provides a high-latitude climate record where prior terrestrial records have been sparse.
@article{melles_28_2012,
	title = {2.8 {Million} {Years} of {Arctic} {Climate} {Change} from {Lake} {El}’gygytgyn, {NE} {Russia}},
	volume = {337},
	copyright = {Copyright © 2012, American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6092/315},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1222135},
	abstract = {The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. A sediment core from Lake El’gygytgyn in northeastern (NE) Russia provides a continuous, high-resolution record from the Arctic, spanning the past 2.8 million years. This core reveals numerous “super interglacials” during the Quaternary; for marine benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31, maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation values are {\textasciitilde}4° to 5°C and {\textasciitilde}300 millimeters higher than those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show that these extreme warm conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity.
A sediment core from a Russian lake provides a high-latitude climate record where prior terrestrial records have been sparse.
A sediment core from a Russian lake provides a high-latitude climate record where prior terrestrial records have been sparse.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6092},
	urldate = {2017-09-11},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Melles, Martin and Brigham-Grette, Julie and Minyuk, Pavel S. and Nowaczyk, Norbert R. and Wennrich, Volker and DeConto, Robert M. and Anderson, Patricia M. and Andreev, Andrei A. and Coletti, Anthony and Cook, Timothy L. and Haltia-Hovi, Eeva and Kukkonen, Maaret and Lozhkin, Anatoli V. and Rosén, Peter and Tarasov, Pavel and Vogel, Hendrik and Wagner, Bernd},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22722254},
	note = {00000 },
	keywords = {\#nosource},
	pages = {315--320},
}

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