Workarounds and Test Results Follow-up in Electronic Health Record-Based Primary Care. Menon, S., Murphy, D. R., Singh, H., Meyer, A. N. D., & Sittig, D. F. Applied Clinical Informatics, 7(2):543–559, June, 2016.
Workarounds and Test Results Follow-up in Electronic Health Record-Based Primary Care [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Background Electronic health records (EHRs) have potential to facilitate reliable communication and follow-up of test results. However, limitations in EHR functionality remain, leading practitioners to use workarounds while managing test results. Workarounds can lead to patient safety concerns and signify indications as to how to build better EHR systems that meet provider needs. Objective To understand why primary care practitioners (PCPs) use workarounds to manage test results by analyzing data from a previously conducted national cross-sectional survey on test result management. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from a national survey of PCPs practicing in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and explored the use of workarounds in test results management. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between key sociotechnical factors that could affect test results follow-up (e.g., both technology-related and those unrelated to technology, such as organizational support for patient notification) and workaround use. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of free text survey data to examine reasons for use of workarounds. Results Of 2554 survey respondents, 1104 (43%) reported using workarounds related to test results management. Of these 1028 (93%) described the type of workaround they were using; 719 (70%) reported paper-based methods, while 230 (22%) used a combination of paper- and computer-based workarounds. Primary care practitioners who self-reported limited administrative support to help them notify patients of test results or described an instance where they personally (or a colleague) missed results, were more likely to use workarounds (p=0.02 and p=0.001, respectively). Qualitative analysis identified three main reasons for workaround use: 1) as a memory aid, 2) for improved efficiency and 3) for facilitating internal and external care coordination. Conclusion Workarounds to manage EHR-based test results are common, and their use results from unmet provider information management needs. Future EHRs and the respective work systems around them need to evolve to meet these needs.
@article{menon_workarounds_2016,
	title = {Workarounds and {Test} {Results} {Follow}-up in {Electronic} {Health} {Record}-{Based} {Primary} {Care}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1869-0327},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4941859/},
	doi = {10/gfxp88},
	abstract = {Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) have potential to facilitate reliable communication and follow-up of test results. However, limitations in EHR functionality remain, leading practitioners to use workarounds while managing test results. Workarounds can lead to patient safety concerns and signify indications as to how to build better EHR systems that meet provider needs.

Objective
To understand why primary care practitioners (PCPs) use workarounds to manage test results by analyzing data from a previously conducted national cross-sectional survey on test result management.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from a national survey of PCPs practicing in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and explored the use of workarounds in test results management. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between key sociotechnical factors that could affect test results follow-up (e.g., both technology-related and those unrelated to technology, such as organizational support for patient notification) and workaround use. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of free text survey data to examine reasons for use of workarounds.

Results
Of 2554 survey respondents, 1104 (43\%) reported using workarounds related to test results management. Of these 1028 (93\%) described the type of workaround they were using; 719 (70\%) reported paper-based methods, while 230 (22\%) used a combination of paper- and computer-based workarounds. Primary care practitioners who self-reported limited administrative support to help them notify patients of test results or described an instance where they personally (or a colleague) missed results, were more likely to use workarounds (p=0.02 and p=0.001, respectively). Qualitative analysis identified three main reasons for workaround use: 1) as a memory aid, 2) for improved efficiency and 3) for facilitating internal and external care coordination.

Conclusion
Workarounds to manage EHR-based test results are common, and their use results from unmet provider information management needs. Future EHRs and the respective work systems around them need to evolve to meet these needs.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-11-08},
	journal = {Applied Clinical Informatics},
	author = {Menon, Shailaja and Murphy, Daniel R. and Singh, Hardeep and Meyer, Ashley N. D. and Sittig, Dean F.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27437060},
	pmcid = {PMC4941859},
	pages = {543--559}
}
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