Big GABA II: Water-referenced edited MR spectroscopy at 25 research sites. Mikkelsen, M., Rimbault, D. L., Barker, P. B., Bhattacharyya, P. K., Brix, M. K., Buur, P. F., Cecil, K. M., Chan, K. L., Chen, D. Y., Craven, A. R., Cuypers, K., Dacko, M., Duncan, N. W., Dydak, U., Edmondson, D. A., Ende, G., Ersland, L., Forbes, M. A., Gao, F., Greenhouse, I., Harris, A. D., He, N., Heba, S., Hoggard, N., Hsu, T. W., Jansen, J. F. A., Kangarlu, A., Lange, T., Lebel, R. M., Li, Y., Lin, C. E., Liou, J. K., Lirng, J. F., Liu, F., Long, J. R., Ma, R., Maes, C., Moreno-Ortega, M., Murray, S. O., Noah, S., Noeske, R., Noseworthy, M. D., Oeltzschner, G., Porges, E. C., Prisciandaro, J. J., Puts, N. A. J., Roberts, T. P. L., Sack, M., Sailasuta, N., Saleh, M. G., Schallmo, M. P., Simard, N., Stoffers, D., Swinnen, S. P., Tegenthoff, M., Truong, P., Wang, G., Wilkinson, I. D., Wittsack, H. J., Woods, A. J., Xu, H., Yan, F., Zhang, C., Zipunnikov, V., Zollner, H. J., & Edden, R. A. E. Neuroimage, 191:537-548, 2019. Mikkelsen, Mark Rimbault, Daniel L Barker, Peter B Bhattacharyya, Pallab K Brix, Maiken K Buur, Pieter F Cecil, Kim M Chan, Kimberly L Chen, David Y-T Craven, Alexander R Cuypers, Koen Dacko, Michael Duncan, Niall W Dydak, Ulrike Edmondson, David A Ende, Gabriele Ersland, Lars Forbes, Megan A Gao, Fei Greenhouse, Ian Harris, Ashley D He, Naying Heba, Stefanie Hoggard, Nigel Hsu, Tun-Wei Jansen, Jacobus F A Kangarlu, Alayar Lange, Thomas Lebel, R Marc Li, Yan Lin, Chien-Yuan E Liou, Jy-Kang Lirng, Jiing-Feng Liu, Feng Long, Joanna R Ma, Ruoyun Maes, Celine Moreno-Ortega, Marta Murray, Scott O Noah, Sean Noeske, Ralph Noseworthy, Michael D Oeltzschner, Georg Porges, Eric C Prisciandaro, James J Puts, Nicolaas A J Roberts, Timothy P L Sack, Markus Sailasuta, Napapon Saleh, Muhammad G Schallmo, Michael-Paul Simard, Nicholas Stoffers, Diederick Swinnen, Stephan P Tegenthoff, Martin Truong, Peter Wang, Guangbin Wilkinson, Iain D Wittsack, Hans-Jorg Woods, Adam J Xu, Hongmin Yan, Fuhua Zhang, Chencheng Zipunnikov, Vadim Zollner, Helge J Edden, Richard A E eng K01 AA025306/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ R01 EB023963/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ R01 AG054077/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ R00 MH107719/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ K01 AG050707/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ R01 EB016089/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2019/03/07 06:00 Neuroimage. 2019 May 1;191:537-548. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.059. Epub 2019 Mar 3.
Big GABA II: Water-referenced edited MR spectroscopy at 25 research sites [pdf]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Accurate and reliable quantification of brain metabolites measured in vivo using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a topic of continued interest. Aside from differences in the basic approach to quantification, the quantification of metabolite data acquired at different sites and on different platforms poses an additional methodological challenge. In this study, spectrally edited gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) MRS data were analyzed and GABA levels were quantified relative to an internal tissue water reference. Data from 284 volunteers scanned across 25 research sites were collected using GABA+ (GABA + co-edited macromolecules (MM)) and MM-suppressed GABA editing. The unsuppressed water signal from the volume of interest was acquired for concentration referencing. Whole-brain T1-weighted structural images were acquired and segmented to determine gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid voxel tissue fractions. Water-referenced GABA measurements were fully corrected for tissue-dependent signal relaxation and water visibility effects. The cohort-wide coefficient of variation was 17% for the GABA + data and 29% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. The mean within-site coefficient of variation was 10% for the GABA + data and 19% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. Vendor differences contributed 53% to the total variance in the GABA + data, while the remaining variance was attributed to site- (11%) and participant-level (36%) effects. For the MM-suppressed data, 54% of the variance was attributed to site differences, while the remaining 46% was attributed to participant differences. Results from an exploratory analysis suggested that the vendor differences were related to the unsuppressed water signal acquisition. Discounting the observed vendor-specific effects, water-referenced GABA measurements exhibit similar levels of variance to creatine-referenced GABA measurements. It is concluded that quantification using internal tissue water referencing is a viable and reliable method for the quantification of in vivo GABA levels.

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