Human-Imitating Control of Depth of Hypnosis Combining MPC and Event-Based PID Strategies. Milanesi, M., Consolini, L., Credico, G. D., Latronico, N., Laurini, M., Paltenghi, M., Schiavo, M., & Visioli, A. IEEE Control Systems Letters, 8:580–585, 2024.
Human-Imitating Control of Depth of Hypnosis Combining MPC and Event-Based PID Strategies [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
In this paper we propose a human-imitating control methodology for the Depth-of-Hypnosys (DoH) in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) where the bispectral index (BIS) is used as process variable. The method suitably combines a moveblocking model predictive controller (MPC) that minimizes the time-to-target when the BIS value is not in the required range and an event-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller that provides a strong filtering action when the DoH is satisfactory. A fast induction is achieved and awareness episodes are avoided with a control action that is piecewise constant so that it mimics the behavior of the anesthesiologist and is more likely to be accepted in the clinical practice.
@article{milanesi_human-imitating_2024,
	title = {Human-{Imitating} {Control} of {Depth} of {Hypnosis} {Combining} {MPC} and {Event}-{Based} {PID} {Strategies}},
	volume = {8},
	copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode},
	issn = {2475-1456},
	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10527385/},
	doi = {10.1109/LCSYS.2024.3399093},
	abstract = {In this paper we propose a human-imitating control methodology for the Depth-of-Hypnosys (DoH) in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) where the bispectral index (BIS) is used as process variable. The method suitably combines a moveblocking model predictive controller (MPC) that minimizes the time-to-target when the BIS value is not in the required range and an event-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller that provides a strong filtering action when the DoH is satisfactory. A fast induction is achieved and awareness episodes are avoided with a control action that is piecewise constant so that it mimics the behavior of the anesthesiologist and is more likely to be accepted in the clinical practice.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-12-18},
	journal = {IEEE Control Systems Letters},
	author = {Milanesi, Marco and Consolini, Luca and Credico, Giulia Di and Latronico, Nicola and Laurini, Mattia and Paltenghi, Massimiliano and Schiavo, Michele and Visioli, Antonio},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {580--585},
}

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