Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years. Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. Development and Psychopathology, 14(1):179–207, 2002.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
This article reports a comparison on outcomes of 26-year-old males who were defined several years ago in the Dunedin longitudinal study as exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior and who were indistinguishable on delinquent offending in adolescence. Previous studies of these groups in childhood and adolescence showed that childhood-onset delinquents had inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, undercontrolled temperament, severe hyperactivity, psychopathic personality traits, and violent behavior. Adolescent-onset delinquents were not distinguished by these features. Here followed to age 26 years, the childhood-onset delinquents were the most elevated on psychopathic personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, numbers of children, financial problems, work problems, and drug-related and violent crime, including violence against women and children. The adolescent-onset delinquents at 26 years were less extreme but elevated on impulsive personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, financial problems, and property offenses. A third group of men who had been aggressive as children but not very delinquent as adolescents emerged as low-level chronic offenders who were anxious, depressed, socially isolated, and had financial and work problems. These findings support the theory of life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior but also extend it. Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life.
@article{moffitt_males_2002,
	title = {Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0954-5794},
	shorttitle = {Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways},
	doi = {10.1017/s0954579402001104},
	abstract = {This article reports a comparison on outcomes of 26-year-old males who were defined several years ago in the Dunedin longitudinal study as exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior and who were indistinguishable on delinquent offending in adolescence. Previous studies of these groups in childhood and adolescence showed that childhood-onset delinquents had inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, undercontrolled temperament, severe hyperactivity, psychopathic personality traits, and violent behavior. Adolescent-onset delinquents were not distinguished by these features. Here followed to age 26 years, the childhood-onset delinquents were the most elevated on psychopathic personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, numbers of children, financial problems, work problems, and drug-related and violent crime, including violence against women and children. The adolescent-onset delinquents at 26 years were less extreme but elevated on impulsive personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, financial problems, and property offenses. A third group of men who had been aggressive as children but not very delinquent as adolescents emerged as low-level chronic offenders who were anxious, depressed, socially isolated, and had financial and work problems. These findings support the theory of life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior but also extend it. Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
	author = {Moffitt, Terrie E. and Caspi, Avshalom and Harrington, Honalee and Milne, Barry J.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, BarryMilne, Child, Cohort Studies, Crime, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, New Zealand, Personality Assessment, Personality Development, Psychosocial Deprivation, Risk Factors, Socialization, Violence},
	pages = {179--207},
}

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