Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. Moler, F. W, Silverstein, F. S, Holubkov, R., Slomine, B. S, Christensen, J. R, Nadkarni, V. M, Meert, K. L, Clark, A. E, Browning, B., Pemberton, V. L, Page, K., Shankaran, S., Hutchison, J. S, Newth, C. J L, Bennett, K. S, Berger, J. T, Topjian, A., Pineda, J. A, Koch, J. D, Schleien, C. L, Dalton, H. J, Ofori-Amanfo, G., Goodman, D. M, Fink, E. L, McQuillen, P., Zimmerman, J. J, Thomas, N. J, Jagt, E. W v. d., Porter, M. B, Meyer, M. T, Harrison, R., Pham, N., Schwarz, A. J, Nowak, J. E, Alten, J., Wheeler, D. S, Bhalala, U. S, Lidsky, K., Lloyd, E., Mathur, M., Shah, S., Wu, T., Theodorou, A. A, Sanders, R. C, Dean, J M., & Investigators, T. T. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(20):1898–1908, May, 2015.
Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
BACKGROUND:Therapeutic hypothermia is recommended for comatose adults after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but data about this intervention in children are limited. METHODS:We conducted this trial of two targeted temperature interventions at 38 children's hospitals involving children who remained unconscious after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Within 6 hours after the return of circulation, comatose patients who were older than 2 days and younger than 18 years of age were randomly assigned to therapeutic hypothermia (target temperature, 33.0°C) or therapeutic normothermia (target temperature, 36.8°C). The primary efficacy outcome, survival at 12 months after cardiac arrest with a Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II), score of 70 or higher (on a scale from 20 to 160, with higher scores indicating better function), was evaluated among patients with a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest. RESULTS:A total of 295 patients underwent randomization. Among the 260 patients with data that could be evaluated and who had a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the hypothermia group and the normothermia group (20% vs. 12%; relative likelihood, 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 2.76; P=0.14). Among all the patients with data that could be evaluated, the change in the VABS-II score from baseline to 12 months was not significantly different (P=0.13) and 1-year survival was similar (38% in the hypothermia group vs. 29% in the normothermia group; relative likelihood, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.79; P=0.13). The groups had similar incidences of infection and serious arrhythmias, as well as similar use of blood products and 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS:In comatose children who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, therapeutic hypothermia, as compared with therapeutic normothermia, did not confer a significant benefit in survival with a good functional outcome at 1 year. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; THAPCA-OH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00878644.).
@article{moler_therapeutic_2015,
	title = {Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children.},
	volume = {372},
	url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=25913022&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks},
	doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1411480},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND:Therapeutic hypothermia is recommended for comatose adults after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but data about this intervention in children are limited. METHODS:We conducted this trial of two targeted temperature interventions at 38 children's hospitals involving children who remained unconscious after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Within 6 hours after the return of circulation, comatose patients who were older than 2 days and younger than 18 years of age were randomly assigned to therapeutic hypothermia (target temperature, 33.0°C) or therapeutic normothermia (target temperature, 36.8°C). The primary efficacy outcome, survival at 12 months after cardiac arrest with a Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II), score of 70 or higher (on a scale from 20 to 160, with higher scores indicating better function), was evaluated among patients with a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest. RESULTS:A total of 295 patients underwent randomization. Among the 260 patients with data that could be evaluated and who had a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the hypothermia group and the normothermia group (20\% vs. 12\%; relative likelihood, 1.54; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 2.76; P=0.14). Among all the patients with data that could be evaluated, the change in the VABS-II score from baseline to 12 months was not significantly different (P=0.13) and 1-year survival was similar (38\% in the hypothermia group vs. 29\% in the normothermia group; relative likelihood, 1.29; 95\% CI, 0.93 to 1.79; P=0.13). The groups had similar incidences of infection and serious arrhythmias, as well as similar use of blood products and 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS:In comatose children who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, therapeutic hypothermia, as compared with therapeutic normothermia, did not confer a significant benefit in survival with a good functional outcome at 1 year. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; THAPCA-OH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00878644.).},
	number = {20},
	journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
	author = {Moler, Frank W and Silverstein, Faye S and Holubkov, Richard and Slomine, Beth S and Christensen, James R and Nadkarni, Vinay M and Meert, Kathleen L and Clark, Amy E and Browning, Brittan and Pemberton, Victoria L and Page, Kent and Shankaran, Seetha and Hutchison, Jamie S and Newth, Christopher J L and Bennett, Kimberly S and Berger, John T and Topjian, Alexis and Pineda, Jose A and Koch, Joshua D and Schleien, Charles L and Dalton, Heidi J and Ofori-Amanfo, George and Goodman, Denise M and Fink, Ericka L and McQuillen, Patrick and Zimmerman, Jerry J and Thomas, Neal J and Jagt, Elise W van der and Porter, Melissa B and Meyer, Michael T and Harrison, Rick and Pham, Nga and Schwarz, Adam J and Nowak, Jeffrey E and Alten, Jeffrey and Wheeler, Derek S and Bhalala, Utpal S and Lidsky, Karen and Lloyd, Eric and Mathur, Mudit and Shah, Samir and Wu, Theodore and Theodorou, Andreas A and Sanders, Ronald C and Dean, J Michael and Investigators, THAPCA Trial},
	month = may,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1898--1908},
}
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