Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds. Moore, B. C.<nbsp>J., Vickers, D. A., & Baer, T. Acoustical Society of America, 105:2757-2772., 1999. abstract bibtex Loudness matches were obtained between unmodulated carriers and carriers that were amplitude modulated either periodically (rates between 2 and 32 Hz, modulation sinusoidal either on a linear amplitude scale or on a dB scale; the latter is called dB modulation) or with the envelope of the speech of a single talker. The carrier was a 4-kHz sinusoid, white noise, or speech-shaped noise. Both normally hearing subjects and subjects with cochlear hearing loss were tested. Results were expressed as the root-mean-square (rms) level of the modulated carrier minus the level of the unmodulated carrier at the point of equal loudness. If this difference is positive, this indicates that the modulated carrier has a higher rms level at the point of equal loudness. For normally hearing subjects, the results show: (1) For a 4000-Hz sinusoidal carrier, the difference was slightly positive (averaging about 0.7 dB). There was no significant effect of modulation rate or level over the range 20-80 dB SL. (2) For a speech-shaped noise or white noise carrier, the difference was close to zero, although for large modulation depths it tended to be negative. There was no clear effect of level (over the range 35-75 dB SPL) or modulation rate. For the hearing-impaired subjects, the differences were small, but tended to be slightly negative for both the 4000-Hz carrier and the noise carriers, when the modulation rate was above 2 Hz. Again, there was no clear effect of overall level. However, for dB modulation, the differences became more negative with increasing modulation depth. For modulation rates in the range 4-32 Hz, the results could be fitted reasonably well using the assumption that the loudness of modulated sounds is based on the rms value of the time-varying intensity of the response of the basilar membrane (taking into account the compression that occurs in the normal cochlea). The implications of the results for the fitting of multi-band compression hearing aids and for the design of loudness meters are discussed.
@article{ Moore1999,
abstract = {Loudness matches were obtained between unmodulated carriers and carriers
that were amplitude modulated either periodically (rates between
2 and 32 Hz, modulation sinusoidal either on a linear amplitude scale
or on a dB scale; the latter is called dB modulation) or with the
envelope of the speech of a single talker. The carrier was a 4-kHz
sinusoid, white noise, or speech-shaped noise. Both normally hearing
subjects and subjects with cochlear hearing loss were tested. Results
were expressed as the root-mean-square (rms) level of the modulated
carrier minus the level of the unmodulated carrier at the point of
equal loudness. If this difference is positive, this indicates that
the modulated carrier has a higher rms level at the point of equal
loudness. For normally hearing subjects, the results show: (1) For
a 4000-Hz sinusoidal carrier, the difference was slightly positive
(averaging about 0.7 dB). There was no significant effect of modulation
rate or level over the range 20-80 dB SL. (2) For a speech-shaped
noise or white noise carrier, the difference was close to zero, although
for large modulation depths it tended to be negative. There was no
clear effect of level (over the range 35-75 dB SPL) or modulation
rate. For the hearing-impaired subjects, the differences were small,
but tended to be slightly negative for both the 4000-Hz carrier and
the noise carriers, when the modulation rate was above 2 Hz. Again,
there was no clear effect of overall level. However, for dB modulation,
the differences became more negative with increasing modulation depth.
For modulation rates in the range 4-32 Hz, the results could be fitted
reasonably well using the assumption that the loudness of modulated
sounds is based on the rms value of the time-varying intensity of
the response of the basilar membrane (taking into account the compression
that occurs in the normal cochlea). The implications of the results
for the fitting of multi-band compression hearing aids and for the
design of loudness meters are discussed.},
added-at = {2012-01-27T14:10:42.000+0100},
author = {Moore, Brian C. J. and Vickers, Deborah A. and Baer, Thomas},
biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a9c7b78f6d98f90b0951c351a73b4d52/muhe},
file = {Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds.pdf:1999\\Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds.pdf:PDF},
interhash = {985888b842f841e6e43e45c879d23b3c},
intrahash = {a9c7b78f6d98f90b0951c351a73b4d52},
journal = {Acoustical Society of America},
keywords = {Wahrnehmung Wirkung und},
owner = {Mu},
pages = {2757-2772.},
pdf = {English\没什么用的\Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds.pdf},
title = {Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds},
volume = {105},
year = {1999}
}
Downloads: 0
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Results were expressed as the root-mean-square (rms) level of the modulated carrier minus the level of the unmodulated carrier at the point of equal loudness. If this difference is positive, this indicates that the modulated carrier has a higher rms level at the point of equal loudness. For normally hearing subjects, the results show: (1) For a 4000-Hz sinusoidal carrier, the difference was slightly positive (averaging about 0.7 dB). There was no significant effect of modulation rate or level over the range 20-80 dB SL. (2) For a speech-shaped noise or white noise carrier, the difference was close to zero, although for large modulation depths it tended to be negative. There was no clear effect of level (over the range 35-75 dB SPL) or modulation rate. For the hearing-impaired subjects, the differences were small, but tended to be slightly negative for both the 4000-Hz carrier and the noise carriers, when the modulation rate was above 2 Hz. Again, there was no clear effect of overall level. However, for dB modulation, the differences became more negative with increasing modulation depth. For modulation rates in the range 4-32 Hz, the results could be fitted reasonably well using the assumption that the loudness of modulated sounds is based on the rms value of the time-varying intensity of the response of the basilar membrane (taking into account the compression that occurs in the normal cochlea). The implications of the results for the fitting of multi-band compression hearing aids and for the design of loudness meters are discussed.","added-at":"2012-01-27T14:10:42.000+0100","author":["Moore, Brian C. J.","Vickers, Deborah A.","Baer, Thomas"],"author_short":["Moore, B.<nbsp>C.<nbsp>J.","Vickers, D.<nbsp>A.","Baer, T."],"bibtex":"@article{ Moore1999,\n abstract = {Loudness matches were obtained between unmodulated carriers and carriers\n\tthat were amplitude modulated either periodically (rates between\n\t2 and 32 Hz, modulation sinusoidal either on a linear amplitude scale\n\tor on a dB scale; the latter is called dB modulation) or with the\n\tenvelope of the speech of a single talker. The carrier was a 4-kHz\n\tsinusoid, white noise, or speech-shaped noise. Both normally hearing\n\tsubjects and subjects with cochlear hearing loss were tested. Results\n\twere expressed as the root-mean-square (rms) level of the modulated\n\tcarrier minus the level of the unmodulated carrier at the point of\n\tequal loudness. If this difference is positive, this indicates that\n\tthe modulated carrier has a higher rms level at the point of equal\n\tloudness. For normally hearing subjects, the results show: (1) For\n\ta 4000-Hz sinusoidal carrier, the difference was slightly positive\n\t(averaging about 0.7 dB). There was no significant effect of modulation\n\trate or level over the range 20-80 dB SL. (2) For a speech-shaped\n\tnoise or white noise carrier, the difference was close to zero, although\n\tfor large modulation depths it tended to be negative. There was no\n\tclear effect of level (over the range 35-75 dB SPL) or modulation\n\trate. For the hearing-impaired subjects, the differences were small,\n\tbut tended to be slightly negative for both the 4000-Hz carrier and\n\tthe noise carriers, when the modulation rate was above 2 Hz. Again,\n\tthere was no clear effect of overall level. However, for dB modulation,\n\tthe differences became more negative with increasing modulation depth.\n\tFor modulation rates in the range 4-32 Hz, the results could be fitted\n\treasonably well using the assumption that the loudness of modulated\n\tsounds is based on the rms value of the time-varying intensity of\n\tthe response of the basilar membrane (taking into account the compression\n\tthat occurs in the normal cochlea). The implications of the results\n\tfor the fitting of multi-band compression hearing aids and for the\n\tdesign of loudness meters are discussed.},\n added-at = {2012-01-27T14:10:42.000+0100},\n author = {Moore, Brian C. 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