Reciprocal Expression of Two Candidate Di-Iron Enzymes Affecting Photosystem I and Light-Harvesting Complex Accumulation. Moseley, J. L., Page, M. D., Alder, N. P., Eriksson, M., Quinn, J., Soto, F., Theg, S. M., Hippler, M., & Merchant, S. The Plant Cell, 14(3):673–688, March, 2002.
Reciprocal Expression of Two Candidate Di-Iron Enzymes Affecting Photosystem I and Light-Harvesting Complex Accumulation [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Crd1 (Copper response defect 1), which is required for the maintenance of photosystem I and its associated light-harvesting complexes in copper-deficient (−Cu) and oxygen-deficient (−O2) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells, is localized to the thylakoid membrane. A related protein, Cth1 (Copper target homolog 1), is shown to have a similar but not identical function by genetic suppressor analysis of gain-of-function sct1 (suppressor of copper target 1) strains that are transposon-containing alleles at CTH1. The pattern of Crd1 versus Cth1 accumulation is reciprocal; Crd1 abundance is increased in −Cu or −O2 cells, whereas Cth1 accumulates in copper-sufficient (+Cu), oxygenated cells. This expression pattern is determined by a single trans-acting regulatory locus, CRR1 (COPPER RESPONSE REGULATOR 1), which activates transcription in −Cu cells. In +Cu cells, a 2.1-kb Cth1 mRNA is produced and translated, whereas Crd1 is transcribed only at basal levels, leading to Cth1 accumulation in +Cu cells. In −Cu cells, CRR1 function determines the activation of Crd1 expression and the production of an alternative 3.1-kb Cth1 mRNA that is extended at the 5′ end relative to the 2.1-kb mRNA. Synthesis of the 3.1-kb mRNA, which encodes six small upstream open reading frames that possibly result in poor translation, blocks the downstream promoter through transcriptional occlusion. Fluorescence analysis of wild-type, crd1, and sct1 strains indicates that copper-responsive adjustment of the Cth1:Crd1 ratio results in modification of the interactions between photosystem I and associated light-harvesting complexes. The tightly coordinated CRR1-dependent regulation of isoenzymes Cth1 and Crd1 reinforces the notion that copper plays a specific role in the maintenance of chlorophyll proteins.
@article{moseley_reciprocal_2002,
	title = {Reciprocal {Expression} of {Two} {Candidate} {Di}-{Iron} {Enzymes} {Affecting} {Photosystem} {I} and {Light}-{Harvesting} {Complex} {Accumulation}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1040-4651},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.010420},
	doi = {10/d4c8zx},
	abstract = {Crd1 (Copper response defect 1), which is required for the maintenance of photosystem I and its associated light-harvesting complexes in copper-deficient (−Cu) and oxygen-deficient (−O2) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells, is localized to the thylakoid membrane. A related protein, Cth1 (Copper target homolog 1), is shown to have a similar but not identical function by genetic suppressor analysis of gain-of-function sct1 (suppressor of copper target 1) strains that are transposon-containing alleles at CTH1. The pattern of Crd1 versus Cth1 accumulation is reciprocal; Crd1 abundance is increased in −Cu or −O2 cells, whereas Cth1 accumulates in copper-sufficient (+Cu), oxygenated cells. This expression pattern is determined by a single trans-acting regulatory locus, CRR1 (COPPER RESPONSE REGULATOR 1), which activates transcription in −Cu cells. In +Cu cells, a 2.1-kb Cth1 mRNA is produced and translated, whereas Crd1 is transcribed only at basal levels, leading to Cth1 accumulation in +Cu cells. In −Cu cells, CRR1 function determines the activation of Crd1 expression and the production of an alternative 3.1-kb Cth1 mRNA that is extended at the 5′ end relative to the 2.1-kb mRNA. Synthesis of the 3.1-kb mRNA, which encodes six small upstream open reading frames that possibly result in poor translation, blocks the downstream promoter through transcriptional occlusion. Fluorescence analysis of wild-type, crd1, and sct1 strains indicates that copper-responsive adjustment of the Cth1:Crd1 ratio results in modification of the interactions between photosystem I and associated light-harvesting complexes. The tightly coordinated CRR1-dependent regulation of isoenzymes Cth1 and Crd1 reinforces the notion that copper plays a specific role in the maintenance of chlorophyll proteins.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-10-19},
	journal = {The Plant Cell},
	author = {Moseley, Jeffrey L. and Page, M. Dudley and Alder, Nancy P. and Eriksson, Mats and Quinn, Jeanette and Soto, Feiris and Theg, Steven M. and Hippler, Michael and Merchant, Sabeeha},
	month = mar,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {673--688},
}

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