@article{Moshammer1996,
	title = {A 4π recoil-ion electron momentum analyzer: a high-resolution “microscope” for the investigation of the dynamics of atomic, molecular and nuclear reactions},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {0168583X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1},
	doi = {10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1},
	abstract = {A high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectrometer based on a precooled localized supersonic jet target (COLTRIMS) has been combined with a novel low-energy electron analyzer with 4π solid angle for electrons with energies Ee ≤ 30 eV including Ee = 0 eV. Thus, three recoil-ion momentum components, the recoil-ion charge state and three momentum components of one electron emitted in any collision-induced ionization reaction are measured simultaneously with a coincidence efficiency of 28\%. In order to accept large recoil-ion longitudinal momenta (along the beam) of pR‖ ≤ 160 a.u. and simultaneously guarantee a superior resolution in this direction (Δ PR‖ ≤ ± 0.08 a.u.), recoil ions are extracted in the longitudinal direction different from all former concepts. Test measurements, details on the present design and results of a kinematically complete experiment for single ionization are presented and possible further improvements are discussed. The future potential of such spectrometers for the investigation of collision-induced atomic many-particle reactions, the “Coulomb-explosion” of molecules and the spectroscopy of electronic states in heavy few-electron systems is illustrated. Similar techniques might be used to measure angular correlations and even the neutrino mass in β-decay experiments.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-11-12},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	author = {Moshammer, R. and Unverzagt, M. and Schmitt, W. and Ullrich, J. and Schmidt-Böcking, H.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {\#nosource},
	pages = {425--445},
}

{"_id":"FmKt6QFGAr42aPtRm","bibbaseid":"moshammer-unverzagt-schmitt-ullrich-schmidtbcking-a4recoilionelectronmomentumanalyzerahighresolutionmicroscopefortheinvestigationofthedynamicsofatomicmolecularandnuclearreactions-1996","author_short":["Moshammer, R.","Unverzagt, M.","Schmitt, W.","Ullrich, J.","Schmidt-Böcking, H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"A 4π recoil-ion electron momentum analyzer: a high-resolution “microscope” for the investigation of the dynamics of atomic, molecular and nuclear reactions","volume":"108","issn":"0168583X","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1","abstract":"A high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectrometer based on a precooled localized supersonic jet target (COLTRIMS) has been combined with a novel low-energy electron analyzer with 4π solid angle for electrons with energies Ee ≤ 30 eV including Ee = 0 eV. Thus, three recoil-ion momentum components, the recoil-ion charge state and three momentum components of one electron emitted in any collision-induced ionization reaction are measured simultaneously with a coincidence efficiency of 28%. In order to accept large recoil-ion longitudinal momenta (along the beam) of pR‖ ≤ 160 a.u. and simultaneously guarantee a superior resolution in this direction (Δ PR‖ ≤ ± 0.08 a.u.), recoil ions are extracted in the longitudinal direction different from all former concepts. Test measurements, details on the present design and results of a kinematically complete experiment for single ionization are presented and possible further improvements are discussed. The future potential of such spectrometers for the investigation of collision-induced atomic many-particle reactions, the “Coulomb-explosion” of molecules and the spectroscopy of electronic states in heavy few-electron systems is illustrated. Similar techniques might be used to measure angular correlations and even the neutrino mass in β-decay experiments.","number":"4","urldate":"2012-11-12","journal":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Moshammer"],"firstnames":["R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Unverzagt"],"firstnames":["M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schmitt"],"firstnames":["W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ullrich"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schmidt-Böcking"],"firstnames":["H."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"March","year":"1996","keywords":"#nosource","pages":"425–445","bibtex":"@article{Moshammer1996,\n\ttitle = {A 4π recoil-ion electron momentum analyzer: a high-resolution “microscope” for the investigation of the dynamics of atomic, molecular and nuclear reactions},\n\tvolume = {108},\n\tissn = {0168583X},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1},\n\tabstract = {A high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectrometer based on a precooled localized supersonic jet target (COLTRIMS) has been combined with a novel low-energy electron analyzer with 4π solid angle for electrons with energies Ee ≤ 30 eV including Ee = 0 eV. Thus, three recoil-ion momentum components, the recoil-ion charge state and three momentum components of one electron emitted in any collision-induced ionization reaction are measured simultaneously with a coincidence efficiency of 28\\%. In order to accept large recoil-ion longitudinal momenta (along the beam) of pR‖ ≤ 160 a.u. and simultaneously guarantee a superior resolution in this direction (Δ PR‖ ≤ ± 0.08 a.u.), recoil ions are extracted in the longitudinal direction different from all former concepts. Test measurements, details on the present design and results of a kinematically complete experiment for single ionization are presented and possible further improvements are discussed. The future potential of such spectrometers for the investigation of collision-induced atomic many-particle reactions, the “Coulomb-explosion” of molecules and the spectroscopy of electronic states in heavy few-electron systems is illustrated. Similar techniques might be used to measure angular correlations and even the neutrino mass in β-decay experiments.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2012-11-12},\n\tjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},\n\tauthor = {Moshammer, R. and Unverzagt, M. and Schmitt, W. and Ullrich, J. and Schmidt-Böcking, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {425--445},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Moshammer, R.","Unverzagt, M.","Schmitt, W.","Ullrich, J.","Schmidt-Böcking, H."],"key":"Moshammer1996","id":"Moshammer1996","bibbaseid":"moshammer-unverzagt-schmitt-ullrich-schmidtbcking-a4recoilionelectronmomentumanalyzerahighresolutionmicroscopefortheinvestigationofthedynamicsofatomicmolecularandnuclearreactions-1996","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01259-1"},"keyword":["#nosource"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero-group/PHzot2020/2518121","dataSources":["R82eNqh6mciPon8Rh"],"keywords":["#nosource"],"search_terms":["recoil","ion","electron","momentum","analyzer","high","resolution","microscope","investigation","dynamics","atomic","molecular","nuclear","reactions","moshammer","unverzagt","schmitt","ullrich","schmidt-böcking"],"title":"A 4π recoil-ion electron momentum analyzer: a high-resolution “microscope” for the investigation of the dynamics of atomic, molecular and nuclear reactions","year":1996}