Changes following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Burden of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Children under Two Years: A Retrospective Study from Croatia.

Changes following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Burden of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Children under Two Years: A Retrospective Study from Croatia. Mrcela, D., Markic, J., Zhao, C., Viskovic, D. V., Milic, P., Copac, R., & Li, Y. Viruses, December, 2022. Place: Switzerland
doi abstract bibtex

To understand the changes in RSV hospitalization burden in children younger than two years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed hospital records of children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) between January 2018 and June 2022 in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. We compared RSV activity, age-specific annualized hospitalization rate, and disease severity between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. A total of 942 ALRI hospital admissions were included. RSV activity remained low for the typical RSV epidemic during 2020-2021 winter. An out-of-season RSV resurgence was observed in late spring and summer of 2021. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the annualized hospitalization rate for RSV-associated ALRI was 13.84/1000 (95% CI: 12.11-15.76) and highest among infants under six months. After the resurgence of RSV in the second half of 2021, the annualized hospitalization rate for RSV-associated ALRI in children younger than two years returned to the pre-pandemic levels with similar age distribution but a statistically higher proportion of severe cases. RSV immunization programs targeting protection of infants under six months of age are expected to remain impactful, although the optimal timing of administration would depend on RSV seasonality that has not yet been established in the study setting since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

@article{mrcela_changes_2022,
	title = {Changes following the {Onset} of the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic} in the {Burden} of {Hospitalization} for {Respiratory} {Syncytial} {Virus} {Acute} {Lower} {Respiratory} {Infection}  in {Children} under {Two} {Years}: {A} {Retrospective} {Study} from {Croatia}.},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1999-4915},
	doi = {10.3390/v14122746},
	abstract = {To understand the changes in RSV hospitalization burden in children younger than two years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed hospital  records of children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) between January  2018 and June 2022 in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. We compared RSV activity,  age-specific annualized hospitalization rate, and disease severity between  pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. A total of 942 ALRI hospital admissions were  included. RSV activity remained low for the typical RSV epidemic during 2020-2021  winter. An out-of-season RSV resurgence was observed in late spring and summer of  2021. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the annualized hospitalization rate for  RSV-associated ALRI was 13.84/1000 (95\% CI: 12.11-15.76) and highest among  infants under six months. After the resurgence of RSV in the second half of 2021,  the annualized hospitalization rate for RSV-associated ALRI in children younger  than two years returned to the pre-pandemic levels with similar age distribution  but a statistically higher proportion of severe cases. RSV immunization programs  targeting protection of infants under six months of age are expected to remain  impactful, although the optimal timing of administration would depend on RSV  seasonality that has not yet been established in the study setting since the  onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Viruses},
	author = {Mrcela, Dina and Markic, Josko and Zhao, Chenkai and Viskovic, Daniela Veljacic and Milic, Petra and Copac, Roko and Li, You},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36560751},
	pmcid = {PMC9785187},
	note = {Place: Switzerland},
	keywords = {*COVID-19/epidemiology, *Hospitalization/statistics \& numerical data, *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology/therapy, *Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy/virology, bronchiolitis, children, COVID-19, Croatia/epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Pandemics, respiratory syncytial virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, severity},
}

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