@article{Murangi2021,
abstract = {Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. The activation of RS-ATL8 IgE reporter cells primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome on exposure to non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides proteins indicates a possible role of exposure to A lumbricoides in alpha-gal sensitization and clinical reactivity.},
author = {Murangi, Tatenda and Prakash, Prema and Moreira, Bernardo Pereira and Basera, Wisdom and Botha, Maresa and Cunningham, Stephen and Facey-Thomas, Heidi and Halajian, Ali and Joshi, Lokesh and Ramjith, Jordache and Falcone, Franco H and Horsnell, William and Levin, Michael E},
doi = {10.1016/J.JACI.2021.07.018},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Murangi et al. - 2021 - Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0091-6749},
journal = {Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
keywords = {fund{\_}not{\_}ack,original},
mendeley-tags = {fund{\_}not{\_}ack,original},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {698--707.E3},
publisher = {Mosby},
title = {{Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome}},
volume = {149},
year = {2021}
}

{"_id":"3j6tmLnFKdaAByCrt","bibbaseid":"murangi-prakash-moreira-basera-botha-cunningham-faceythomas-halajian-etal-ascarislumbricoidesandticksassociatedwithsensitizationtogalactose13galactoseandelicitationofthealphagalsyndrome-2021","author_short":["Murangi, T.","Prakash, P.","Moreira, B. P.","Basera, W.","Botha, M.","Cunningham, S.","Facey-Thomas, H.","Halajian, A.","Joshi, L.","Ramjith, J.","Falcone, F. H","Horsnell, W.","Levin, M. E"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","abstract":"Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. The activation of RS-ATL8 IgE reporter cells primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome on exposure to non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides proteins indicates a possible role of exposure to A lumbricoides in alpha-gal sensitization and clinical reactivity.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Murangi"],"firstnames":["Tatenda"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Prakash"],"firstnames":["Prema"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Moreira"],"firstnames":["Bernardo","Pereira"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Basera"],"firstnames":["Wisdom"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Botha"],"firstnames":["Maresa"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cunningham"],"firstnames":["Stephen"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Facey-Thomas"],"firstnames":["Heidi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Halajian"],"firstnames":["Ali"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Joshi"],"firstnames":["Lokesh"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ramjith"],"firstnames":["Jordache"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Falcone"],"firstnames":["Franco","H"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Horsnell"],"firstnames":["William"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Levin"],"firstnames":["Michael","E"],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.1016/J.JACI.2021.07.018","file":":C$\\$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Murangi et al. - 2021 - Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $α$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the.pdf:pdf","issn":"0091-6749","journal":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","keywords":"fund_not_ack,original","mendeley-tags":"fund_not_ack,original","month":"jul","number":"2","pages":"698–707.E3","publisher":"Mosby","title":"Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $α$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome","volume":"149","year":"2021","bibtex":"@article{Murangi2021,\r\nabstract = {Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. 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