@article{Murangi2021a,
abstract = {Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. The activation of RS-ATL8 IgE reporter cells primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome on exposure to non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides proteins indicates a possible role of exposure to A lumbricoides in alpha-gal sensitization and clinical reactivity.},
author = {Murangi, T. and Prakash, P. and Moreira, B.P. and Basera, W. and Botha, M. and Cunningham, S. and Facey-Thomas, H. and Halajian, A. and Joshi, L. and Ramjith, J. and Horsnell, W. and Levin, M.E.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.018},
journal = {Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
title = {{Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome}},
year = {2021}
}

{"_id":"R6TfnmRxjkjcWcxDh","bibbaseid":"murangi-prakash-moreira-basera-botha-cunningham-faceythomas-halajian-etal-ascarislumbricoidesandticksassociatedwithsensitizationtogalactosealpha13galactoseandelicitationofthealphagalsyndrome-2021","author_short":["Murangi, T.","Prakash, P.","Moreira, B.","Basera, W.","Botha, M.","Cunningham, S.","Facey-Thomas, H.","Halajian, A.","Joshi, L.","Ramjith, J.","Horsnell, W.","Levin, M."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","abstract":"Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. The activation of RS-ATL8 IgE reporter cells primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome on exposure to non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides proteins indicates a possible role of exposure to A lumbricoides in alpha-gal sensitization and clinical reactivity.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Murangi"],"firstnames":["T."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Prakash"],"firstnames":["P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Moreira"],"firstnames":["B.P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Basera"],"firstnames":["W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Botha"],"firstnames":["M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cunningham"],"firstnames":["S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Facey-Thomas"],"firstnames":["H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Halajian"],"firstnames":["A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Joshi"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ramjith"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Horsnell"],"firstnames":["W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Levin"],"firstnames":["M.E."],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.018","journal":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","title":"Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome","year":"2021","bibtex":"@article{Murangi2021a,\nabstract = {Background: IgE to galactose alpha-1,3 galactose (alpha-gal) causes alpha-gal syndrome (delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of mammalian meat). Development of sensitization has been attributed to tick bites; however, the possible role of other parasites has not been well studied. Objective: Our aims were to assess the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in common ectoparasites and endoparasites endemic in an area of high prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome, as well as to investigate the ability of ascaris antigens to elicit a reaction in a humanized rat basophil in vitro sensitization model. Methods: Levels of total IgE, Ascaris-specific IgE, and alpha-gal IgE were measured in sera from patients with challenge-proven alpha-gal syndrome and from controls without allergy. The presence, concentration, and localization of alpha-gal in parasites were assessed by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The ability of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen to elicit IgE-dependent reactivity was demonstrated by using the RS-ATL8 basophil reporter system. Results: Alpha-gal IgE level correlated with A lumbricoides–specific IgE level. Alpha-gal protein at 70 to 130 kDa was detected in A lumbricoides at concentrations higher than those found in Rhipicephalus evertsi and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize alpha-gal in tick salivary acini and the helminth gut. Non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides antigens activated RS-ATL8 basophils primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence, relative abundances, and site of localization of alpha-gal–containing proteins in parasites. The activation of RS-ATL8 IgE reporter cells primed with serum from subjects with alpha-gal syndrome on exposure to non–alpha-gal–containing A lumbricoides proteins indicates a possible role of exposure to A lumbricoides in alpha-gal sensitization and clinical reactivity.},\nauthor = {Murangi, T. and Prakash, P. and Moreira, B.P. and Basera, W. and Botha, M. and Cunningham, S. and Facey-Thomas, H. and Halajian, A. and Joshi, L. and Ramjith, J. and Horsnell, W. and Levin, M.E.},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.018},\njournal = {Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},\ntitle = {{Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome}},\nyear = {2021}\n}\n","author_short":["Murangi, T.","Prakash, P.","Moreira, B.","Basera, W.","Botha, M.","Cunningham, S.","Facey-Thomas, H.","Halajian, A.","Joshi, L.","Ramjith, J.","Horsnell, W.","Levin, M."],"key":"Murangi2021a","id":"Murangi2021a","bibbaseid":"murangi-prakash-moreira-basera-botha-cunningham-faceythomas-halajian-etal-ascarislumbricoidesandticksassociatedwithsensitizationtogalactosealpha13galactoseandelicitationofthealphagalsyndrome-2021","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1-9gwO2GBrWfUK-fFo05cgfzXdRK_w9xL","dataSources":["wrEvssexmuYudwQw9"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["ascaris","lumbricoides","ticks","associated","sensitization","galactose","alpha","galactose","elicitation","alpha","gal","syndrome","murangi","prakash","moreira","basera","botha","cunningham","facey-thomas","halajian","joshi","ramjith","horsnell","levin"],"title":"Ascaris lumbricoides and ticks associated with sensitization to galactose $\\alpha$1,3-galactose and elicitation of the alpha-gal syndrome","year":2021}