Measurement of Pain: A Comparison of the Visual Analogue with a Nonvisual Analogue Scale. Murphy, D. F., McDonald, A., Power, C., Unwin, A., & MacSullivan, R. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 3(4):197–200, 1987.
Measurement of Pain: A Comparison of the Visual Analogue with a Nonvisual Analogue Scale [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Because of difficulties encountered with patient compliance using the standard visual analogue scale, a new nonvisual analogue scale has been devised for pain measurement. The new scale was found to give values for pain that correlated well with values given using the visual scale and was found to be more easily understood. The scale was considered to be simpler and more reliable than the visual scale heretofore in use.
@article{murphy_measurement_1987,
	title = {Measurement of {Pain}: {A} {Comparison} of the {Visual} {Analogue} with a {Nonvisual} {Analogue} {Scale}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {0749-8047},
	shorttitle = {Measurement of {Pain}},
	url = {https://journals.lww.com/clinicalpain/Abstract/1987/12000/Measurement_of_Pain__A_Comparison_of_the_Visual.3.aspx},
	abstract = {Because of difficulties encountered with patient compliance using the standard visual analogue scale, a new nonvisual analogue scale has been devised for pain measurement. The new scale was found to give values for pain that correlated well with values given using the visual scale and was found to be more easily understood. The scale was considered to be simpler and more reliable than the visual scale heretofore in use.},
	language = {en-US},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2021-10-18},
	journal = {The Clinical Journal of Pain},
	author = {Murphy, Dermot F. and McDonald, A. and Power, C. and Unwin, A. and MacSullivan, R.},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {197--200},
}

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