@Article{RSM:Muz98,
  author =       "A.L. Muzikant and C.S. Henriquez",
  title =        "Bipolar stimulation of a three-dimensional bidomain
                 incorporating rotational anisotropy.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1998",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "449--462",
  robnote =      "A bidomain model of cardiac tissue was used to examine
                 the effect of transmural fiber rotation during bipolar
                 stimulation in three-dimensional (3-D) myocardium. A
                 3-D tissue block with unequal anisotropy and two types
                 of fiber rotation (none and moderate) was stimulated
                 along and across fibers via bipolar electrodes on the
                 epicardial surface, and the resulting steady-state
                 interstitial (phi e) and transmembrane (Vm) potentials
                 were computed. Results demonstrate that the presence of
                 rotated fibers does not change the amount of tissue
                 polarized by the point surface stimuli, but does cause
                 changes in the orientation of phi e and Vm in the depth
                 of the tissue, away from the epicardium. Further
                 analysis revealed a relationship between the Laplacian
                 of phi e, regions of virtual electrodes, and fiber
                 orientation that was dependent upon adequacy of spatial
                 sampling and the interstitial anisotropy. These
                 findings help to understand the role of fiber
                 architecture during extracellular stimulation of
                 cardiac muscle.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 14:37:31 2001",
}

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