@incollection{Negi:qe,
	abstract = {Cybersickness is a common experience during head-mounted display (HMD) based virtual
reality (VR). Ebenholtz (1992) posits that cybersickness is likely induced by eye movement control
errors specific to VR interactions. To test this idea, we compared the cybersickness produced by
active HMD viewing of head tracked and head-fixed virtual scenes. We first assessed participants'
susceptibilities to real-world motion sickness using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire.
Subsequently, they rotated their heads in yaw (approximately $\pm$15$\,^{\circ}$ at 0.5 Hz) for 1 minute as the
virtual scene either counter-rotated naturalistically or was static. Their head and eye movements
were recorded using the Meta Quest Pro HMD. After each trial, their sickness was rated using

Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. As expected, head-fixed scenes significantly reduced eye-
movement velocities and increased sickness relative to trials presenting naturalistic scene

movement. Individuals with higher susceptibility to motion sickness were affected more by VOR
suppression, leading to increased sensations of vertigo, nausea, and oculomotor discomfort. These
findings support Ebenholtz's eye movement theory of cybersickness, which contends that
involuntary eye movements---like those brought on by a head-fixed display--- increase sickness by
overstimulating the vestibular system. The findings also underscore the importance of considering
individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility in VR environments.},
	author = {Vikram Negi and Sebastien Miellet and Robert S. Allison and Stephen Palmisano},
	booktitle = {Joint Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference and Asia Pacific Conference on Vision EPC/APCV 2025},
	date-added = {2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400},
	date-modified = {2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400},
	keywords = {Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)},
	pages = {141},
	title = {Suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) increases cybersickness in active head-mounted virtual reality},
	year = {2025}}

{"_id":"tfuj66onKewCJ6Q7b","bibbaseid":"negi-miellet-allison-palmisano-suppressionofthevestibuloocularreflexvorincreasescybersicknessinactiveheadmountedvirtualreality-2025","author_short":["Negi, V.","Miellet, S.","Allison, R. S.","Palmisano, S."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"incollection","type":"incollection","abstract":"Cybersickness is a common experience during head-mounted display (HMD) based virtual reality (VR). Ebenholtz (1992) posits that cybersickness is likely induced by eye movement control errors specific to VR interactions. To test this idea, we compared the cybersickness produced by active HMD viewing of head tracked and head-fixed virtual scenes. We first assessed participants' susceptibilities to real-world motion sickness using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire. Subsequently, they rotated their heads in yaw (approximately $±$15$\\,^{∘}$ at 0.5 Hz) for 1 minute as the virtual scene either counter-rotated naturalistically or was static. Their head and eye movements were recorded using the Meta Quest Pro HMD. After each trial, their sickness was rated using Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. As expected, head-fixed scenes significantly reduced eye- movement velocities and increased sickness relative to trials presenting naturalistic scene movement. Individuals with higher susceptibility to motion sickness were affected more by VOR suppression, leading to increased sensations of vertigo, nausea, and oculomotor discomfort. These findings support Ebenholtz's eye movement theory of cybersickness, which contends that involuntary eye movements—like those brought on by a head-fixed display— increase sickness by overstimulating the vestibular system. The findings also underscore the importance of considering individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility in VR environments.","author":[{"firstnames":["Vikram"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Negi"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Sebastien"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Miellet"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Robert","S."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Allison"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Stephen"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Palmisano"],"suffixes":[]}],"booktitle":"Joint Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference and Asia Pacific Conference on Vision EPC/APCV 2025","date-added":"2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400","date-modified":"2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400","keywords":"Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)","pages":"141","title":"Suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) increases cybersickness in active head-mounted virtual reality","year":"2025","bibtex":"@incollection{Negi:qe,\n\tabstract = {Cybersickness is a common experience during head-mounted display (HMD) based virtual\nreality (VR). Ebenholtz (1992) posits that cybersickness is likely induced by eye movement control\nerrors specific to VR interactions. To test this idea, we compared the cybersickness produced by\nactive HMD viewing of head tracked and head-fixed virtual scenes. We first assessed participants'\nsusceptibilities to real-world motion sickness using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire.\nSubsequently, they rotated their heads in yaw (approximately $\\pm$15$\\,^{\\circ}$ at 0.5 Hz) for 1 minute as the\nvirtual scene either counter-rotated naturalistically or was static. Their head and eye movements\nwere recorded using the Meta Quest Pro HMD. After each trial, their sickness was rated using\n\nSimulator Sickness Questionnaire. As expected, head-fixed scenes significantly reduced eye-\nmovement velocities and increased sickness relative to trials presenting naturalistic scene\n\nmovement. Individuals with higher susceptibility to motion sickness were affected more by VOR\nsuppression, leading to increased sensations of vertigo, nausea, and oculomotor discomfort. These\nfindings support Ebenholtz's eye movement theory of cybersickness, which contends that\ninvoluntary eye movements---like those brought on by a head-fixed display--- increase sickness by\noverstimulating the vestibular system. The findings also underscore the importance of considering\nindividual differences in motion sickness susceptibility in VR environments.},\n\tauthor = {Vikram Negi and Sebastien Miellet and Robert S. Allison and Stephen Palmisano},\n\tbooktitle = {Joint Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference and Asia Pacific Conference on Vision EPC/APCV 2025},\n\tdate-added = {2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400},\n\tdate-modified = {2025-07-26 06:46:25 -0400},\n\tkeywords = {Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)},\n\tpages = {141},\n\ttitle = {Suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) increases cybersickness in active head-mounted virtual reality},\n\tyear = {2025}}\n\n","author_short":["Negi, V.","Miellet, S.","Allison, R. S.","Palmisano, S."],"key":"Negi:qe","id":"Negi:qe","bibbaseid":"negi-miellet-allison-palmisano-suppressionofthevestibuloocularreflexvorincreasescybersicknessinactiveheadmountedvirtualreality-2025","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"incollection","biburl":"www.cse.yorku.ca/percept/papers/self.bib","dataSources":["2KKYxJNEDKp35ykmq","BPKPSXjrbMGteC59J"],"keywords":["optic flow & self motion (also locomotion & aviation)"],"search_terms":["suppression","vestibulo","ocular","reflex","vor","increases","cybersickness","active","head","mounted","virtual","reality","negi","miellet","allison","palmisano"],"title":"Suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) increases cybersickness in active head-mounted virtual reality","year":2025}