Functional maturation of hPSC-derived forebrain interneurons requires an extended timeline and mimics human neural development. Nicholas, C. R, Chen, J., Tang, Y., Southwell, D. G, Chalmers, N., Vogt, D., Arnold, C. M, Chen, Y. J, Stanley, E. G, Elefanty, A. G, Sasai, Y., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Rubenstein, J. L R, & Kriegstein, A. R Cell Stem Cell, 12(5):573–586, May, 2013.
abstract   bibtex   
Directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has seen significant progress in recent years. However, most differentiated populations exhibit immature properties of an early embryonic stage, raising concerns about their ability to model and treat disease. Here, we report the directed differentiation of hPSCs into medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like progenitors and their maturation into forebrain type interneurons. We find that early-stage progenitors progress via a radial glial-like stem cell enriched in the human fetal brain. Both in vitro and posttransplantation into the rodent cortex, the MGE-like cells develop into GABAergic interneuron subtypes with mature physiological properties along a prolonged intrinsic timeline of up to 7 months, mimicking endogenous human neural development. MGE-derived cortical interneuron deficiencies are implicated in a broad range of neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders, highlighting the importance of these results for modeling human neural development and disease.
@ARTICLE{Nicholas2013-rz,
  title    = "Functional maturation of {hPSC-derived} forebrain interneurons
              requires an extended timeline and mimics human neural development",
  author   = "Nicholas, Cory R and Chen, Jiadong and Tang, Yunshuo and
              Southwell, Derek G and Chalmers, Nadine and Vogt, Daniel and
              Arnold, Christine M and Chen, Ying-Jiun J and Stanley, Edouard G
              and Elefanty, Andrew G and Sasai, Yoshiki and Alvarez-Buylla,
              Arturo and Rubenstein, John L R and Kriegstein, Arnold R",
  abstract = "Directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells
              (hPSCs) has seen significant progress in recent years. However,
              most differentiated populations exhibit immature properties of an
              early embryonic stage, raising concerns about their ability to
              model and treat disease. Here, we report the directed
              differentiation of hPSCs into medial ganglionic eminence
              (MGE)-like progenitors and their maturation into forebrain type
              interneurons. We find that early-stage progenitors progress via a
              radial glial-like stem cell enriched in the human fetal brain.
              Both in vitro and posttransplantation into the rodent cortex, the
              MGE-like cells develop into GABAergic interneuron subtypes with
              mature physiological properties along a prolonged intrinsic
              timeline of up to 7 months, mimicking endogenous human neural
              development. MGE-derived cortical interneuron deficiencies are
              implicated in a broad range of neurodevelopmental and
              degenerative disorders, highlighting the importance of these
              results for modeling human neural development and disease.",
  journal  = "Cell Stem Cell",
  volume   =  12,
  number   =  5,
  pages    = "573--586",
  month    =  may,
  year     =  2013,
  language = "en"
}

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