@article{
 title = {Middle temporal visual area microstimulation influences veridical judgments of motion direction},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Brain Mapping,Electric Stimulation/methods,Fixation, Ocular/physiology,Judgment/physiology,Macaca mulatta,Microelectrodes,Models, Neurological,Motion Perception/physiology,Neurons/physiology,Photic Stimulation/methods,Reproducibility of Results,Saccades/physiology,Temporal Lobe/physiology,Visual Cortex/physiology},
 pages = {9530-9540},
 volume = {22},
 id = {997a2ff5-1369-36ff-8481-66f744bb339a},
 created = {2017-09-01T15:54:30.239Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},
 group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},
 last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:30.352Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 language = {eng},
 abstract = {Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained "veridical" reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed "categories" that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure "winner-take-all" read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nichols, M. and Newsome, William},
 number = {21}
}

{"_id":"2kMbbhaJQmoAmD4Wc","bibbaseid":"nichols-newsome-middletemporalvisualareamicrostimulationinfluencesveridicaljudgmentsofmotiondirection-2002","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-09-01T15:59:40.446Z","title":"Middle temporal visual area microstimulation influences veridical judgments of motion direction","author_short":["Nichols, M.","Newsome, W."],"year":2002,"bibtype":"article","biburl":null,"bibdata":{"title":"Middle temporal visual area microstimulation influences veridical judgments of motion direction","type":"article","year":"2002","keywords":"Algorithms,Animals,Brain Mapping,Electric Stimulation/methods,Fixation, Ocular/physiology,Judgment/physiology,Macaca mulatta,Microelectrodes,Models, Neurological,Motion Perception/physiology,Neurons/physiology,Photic Stimulation/methods,Reproducibility of Results,Saccades/physiology,Temporal Lobe/physiology,Visual Cortex/physiology","pages":"9530-9540","volume":"22","id":"997a2ff5-1369-36ff-8481-66f744bb339a","created":"2017-09-01T15:54:30.239Z","file_attached":"true","profile_id":"80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538","group_id":"a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926","last_modified":"2017-09-01T15:54:30.352Z","read":false,"starred":false,"authored":false,"confirmed":false,"hidden":false,"language":"eng","abstract":"Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained \"veridical\" reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed \"categories\" that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure \"winner-take-all\" read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.","bibtype":"article","author":"Nichols, M. and Newsome, William","number":"21","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {Middle temporal visual area microstimulation influences veridical judgments of motion direction},\n type = {article},\n year = {2002},\n keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Brain Mapping,Electric Stimulation/methods,Fixation, Ocular/physiology,Judgment/physiology,Macaca mulatta,Microelectrodes,Models, Neurological,Motion Perception/physiology,Neurons/physiology,Photic Stimulation/methods,Reproducibility of Results,Saccades/physiology,Temporal Lobe/physiology,Visual Cortex/physiology},\n pages = {9530-9540},\n volume = {22},\n id = {997a2ff5-1369-36ff-8481-66f744bb339a},\n created = {2017-09-01T15:54:30.239Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},\n group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},\n last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:30.352Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n language = {eng},\n abstract = {Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained \"veridical\" reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed \"categories\" that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure \"winner-take-all\" read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Nichols, M. and Newsome, William},\n number = {21}\n}","author_short":["Nichols, M.","Newsome, W."],"urls":{"Paper":"http://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538/file/0096e62a-cff3-591b-278c-28926d960278/2002-Middle_temporal_visual_area_microstimulation_influences_veridical_judgments_of_motion_direction.pdf.pdf"},"bibbaseid":"nichols-newsome-middletemporalvisualareamicrostimulationinfluencesveridicaljudgmentsofmotiondirection-2002","role":"author","keyword":["Algorithms","Animals","Brain Mapping","Electric Stimulation/methods","Fixation","Ocular/physiology","Judgment/physiology","Macaca mulatta","Microelectrodes","Models","Neurological","Motion Perception/physiology","Neurons/physiology","Photic Stimulation/methods","Reproducibility of Results","Saccades/physiology","Temporal Lobe/physiology","Visual Cortex/physiology"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["middle","temporal","visual","area","microstimulation","influences","veridical","judgments","motion","direction","nichols","newsome"],"keywords":["algorithms","animals","brain mapping","electric stimulation/methods","fixation","ocular/physiology","judgment/physiology","macaca mulatta","microelectrodes","models","neurological","motion perception/physiology","neurons/physiology","photic stimulation/methods","reproducibility of results","saccades/physiology","temporal lobe/physiology","visual cortex/physiology"],"authorIDs":[]}