Observation of pendular butterfly Rydberg molecules. Niederprüm, T., Thomas, O., Eichert, T., Lippe, C., Pérez-Ríos, J., Greene, C. H, & Ott, H. Nature Communications, 7:12820, October, 2016.
Observation of pendular butterfly Rydberg molecules [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Engineering molecules with a tunable bond length and defined quantum states lies at the heart of quantum chemistry. The unconventional binding mechanism of Rydberg molecules makes them a promising candidate to implement such tunable molecules. A very peculiar type of Rydberg molecules are the so-called butterfly molecules, which are bound by a shape resonance in the electron–perturber scattering. Here we report the observation of these exotic molecules and employ their exceptional properties to engineer their bond length, vibrational state, angular momentum and orientation in a small electric field. Combining the variable bond length with their giant dipole moment of several hundred Debye, we observe counter-intuitive molecules which locate the average electron position beyond the internuclear distance.
@article{Niederprum2016,
	title = {Observation of pendular butterfly {Rydberg} molecules},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms12820},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12820},
	abstract = {Engineering molecules with a tunable bond length and defined quantum states lies at the heart of quantum chemistry. The unconventional binding mechanism of Rydberg molecules makes them a promising candidate to implement such tunable molecules. A very peculiar type of Rydberg molecules are the so-called butterfly molecules, which are bound by a shape resonance in the electron–perturber scattering. Here we report the observation of these exotic molecules and employ their exceptional properties to engineer their bond length, vibrational state, angular momentum and orientation in a small electric field. Combining the variable bond length with their giant dipole moment of several hundred Debye, we observe counter-intuitive molecules which locate the average electron position beyond the internuclear distance.},
	urldate = {2017-09-27},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	author = {Niederprüm, Thomas and Thomas, Oliver and Eichert, Tanita and Lippe, Carsten and Pérez-Ríos, Jesús and Greene, Chris H and Ott, Herwig},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {\#nosource, ★},
	pages = {12820},
}

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