@misc{nikvarz_n._comparing_2017,
	title = {Comparing efficacy and side effects of memantine vs. risperidone in the treatment of autistic disorder},
	url = {http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/toc/pharmaco},
	abstract = {Introduction: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of memantine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor of glutamate, with risperidone given the fact that glutamate has been noted for its possible effects in the pathogenesis of autism. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, has been approved by FDA for the management of irritability associated with autism. Methods: 30 children, aged 4-17 years, entered an 8-week, randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either risperidone or memantine. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scales were used to assess behavioral symptoms of the patients. Results: Both risperidone and memantine reduced the scores of 4 subscales of ABC as well as the 10-item and the total score of CARS significantly. However, differences between the 2 drugs in the scores of each evaluating scale were not found to be significant. Relatively, larger number of patients on risperidone showed "very much improvement" when assessed by CGI-I scale when compared with those on memantine. Discussion and conclusion: The present study suggests that memantine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of many core symptoms of autism. Therefore, memantine may be considered as a potential medication in the treatment of those autistic children who do not respond or cannot tolerate side effects of risperidone. Copyright © 2017 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.},
	journal = {Pharmacopsychiatry},
	author = {{Nikvarz N.} and {Alaghband-Rad J.} and {Tehrani-Doost M.} and {Alimadadi A.} and {Ghaeli P.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*autism, *autism/dt [Drug Therapy], *autism/et [Etiology], *comparative effectiveness, *memantine, *memantine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *memantine/cm [Drug Comparison], *memantine/ct [Clinical Trial], *memantine/dt [Drug Therapy], *psychopharmacotherapy, *risperidone, *risperidone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *risperidone/cm [Drug Comparison], *risperidone/ct [Clinical Trial], *risperidone/dt [Drug Therapy], *side effect, Autism Behavior Checklist, Child, Clinical Global Impression scale, adolescent, apnea/si [Side Effect], article, autism assessment, autism/dt [Drug Therapy], behavior, checklist, childhood autism rating scale, clinical article, clinical trial, comparative effectiveness, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, critically ill patient, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], drug dose increase, drug safety, drug therapy, drug treatment failure, drug withdrawal, enuresis/si [Side Effect], evening dosage, fatigue/si [Side Effect], female, fever/si [Side Effect], glutamic acid, human, hypersalivation/si [Side Effect], impulsiveness, increased appetite/si [Side Effect], insomnia/si [Side Effect], irritability, male, maximum permissible dose, n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor, nausea/si [Side Effect], nose obstruction/si [Side Effect], open study, pathogenesis, priority journal, randomized controlled trial, rating scale, side effect/si [Side Effect], sleep disorder/si [Side Effect], somnolence/si [Side Effect], stuttering/si [Side Effect], symptom}
}

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Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, has been approved by FDA for the management of irritability associated with autism. Methods: 30 children, aged 4-17 years, entered an 8-week, randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either risperidone or memantine. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scales were used to assess behavioral symptoms of the patients. Results: Both risperidone and memantine reduced the scores of 4 subscales of ABC as well as the 10-item and the total score of CARS significantly. However, differences between the 2 drugs in the scores of each evaluating scale were not found to be significant. Relatively, larger number of patients on risperidone showed \"very much improvement\" when assessed by CGI-I scale when compared with those on memantine. Discussion and conclusion: The present study suggests that memantine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of many core symptoms of autism. Therefore, memantine may be considered as a potential medication in the treatment of those autistic children who do not respond or cannot tolerate side effects of risperidone. Copyright © 2017 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.","journal":"Pharmacopsychiatry","author":[{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Nikvarz N."],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Alaghband-Rad J."],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tehrani-Doost M."],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Alimadadi A."],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ghaeli P."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2017","keywords":"*autism, *autism/dt [Drug Therapy], *autism/et [Etiology], *comparative effectiveness, *memantine, *memantine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *memantine/cm [Drug Comparison], *memantine/ct [Clinical Trial], *memantine/dt [Drug Therapy], *psychopharmacotherapy, *risperidone, *risperidone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *risperidone/cm [Drug Comparison], *risperidone/ct [Clinical Trial], *risperidone/dt [Drug Therapy], *side effect, Autism Behavior Checklist, Child, Clinical Global Impression scale, adolescent, apnea/si [Side Effect], article, autism assessment, autism/dt [Drug Therapy], behavior, checklist, childhood autism rating scale, clinical article, clinical trial, comparative effectiveness, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, critically ill patient, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], drug dose increase, drug safety, drug therapy, drug treatment failure, drug withdrawal, enuresis/si [Side Effect], evening dosage, fatigue/si [Side Effect], female, fever/si [Side Effect], glutamic acid, human, hypersalivation/si [Side Effect], impulsiveness, increased appetite/si [Side Effect], insomnia/si [Side Effect], irritability, male, maximum permissible dose, n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor, nausea/si [Side Effect], nose obstruction/si [Side Effect], open study, pathogenesis, priority journal, randomized controlled trial, rating scale, side effect/si [Side Effect], sleep disorder/si [Side Effect], somnolence/si [Side Effect], stuttering/si [Side Effect], symptom","bibtex":"@misc{nikvarz_n._comparing_2017,\n\ttitle = {Comparing efficacy and side effects of memantine vs. risperidone in the treatment of autistic disorder},\n\turl = {http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/toc/pharmaco},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of memantine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor of glutamate, with risperidone given the fact that glutamate has been noted for its possible effects in the pathogenesis of autism. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, has been approved by FDA for the management of irritability associated with autism. Methods: 30 children, aged 4-17 years, entered an 8-week, randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either risperidone or memantine. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scales were used to assess behavioral symptoms of the patients. Results: Both risperidone and memantine reduced the scores of 4 subscales of ABC as well as the 10-item and the total score of CARS significantly. However, differences between the 2 drugs in the scores of each evaluating scale were not found to be significant. Relatively, larger number of patients on risperidone showed \"very much improvement\" when assessed by CGI-I scale when compared with those on memantine. Discussion and conclusion: The present study suggests that memantine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of many core symptoms of autism. Therefore, memantine may be considered as a potential medication in the treatment of those autistic children who do not respond or cannot tolerate side effects of risperidone. 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