@ARTICLE{Nishikubo2007843,
author={Nishikubo, N. and Awano, T. and Banasiak, A. and Bourquin, V. and Ibatullin, F. and Funada, R. and Brumer, H. and Teeri, T.T. and Hayashi, T. and Sundberg, B. and Mellerowicz, E.J.},
title={Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET) functions in gelatinous layers of tension wood fibers in poplar - A glimpse into the mechanism of the balancing act of trees},
journal={Plant and Cell Physiology},
year={2007},
volume={48},
number={6},
pages={843-855},
doi={10.1093/pcp/pcm055},
note={cited By 121},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548424199&doi=10.1093%2fpcp%2fpcm055&partnerID=40&md5=d5a6a4fd113f104ee74f0f91ffe68c9a},
affiliation={Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Center, SLU, S901 83 Umea, Sweden; Department of Biotechnology, Royal Insitute of Technology (KTH), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; RIKEN, Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland},
abstract={Tension wood is a specialized tissue of deciduous trees that functions in bending woody stems to optimize their position in space. Tension wood fibers that develop on one side of the stem have an increased potency to shrink compared with fibers on the opposite side, thus creating a bending moment. It is believed that the gelatinous (G) cell wall layer containing almost pure cellulose of tension wood fibers is pivotal to their shrinking. By analyzing saccharide composition and linkage in isolated G-layers of poplar, we found that they contain some matrix components in addition to cellulose, of which xyloglucan is the most abundant. Xyloglucan, xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET) activity and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene products were detected in developing G-layers by labeling using CCRC-M1 monoclonal antibody, in situ incorporation of XXXG-SR and the polyclonal antibody to poplar PttXET16-34, respectively, indicating that xyloglucan is incorporated into the G-layer during its development. Moreover, several XTH transcripts were altered and were generally up-regulated in developing tension wood compared with normal wood. In mature G-fibers, XTH gene products were detected in the G-layers while the XET activity was evident in the adjacent S2 wall layer. We propose that XET activity is essential for G-fiber shrinking by repairing xyloglucan cross-links between G- and S 2-layers and thus maintaining their contact. Surprisingly, XTH gene products and XET activity persisted in mature G-fibers for several years, suggesting that the enzyme functions after cell death repairing the cross-links as they are being broken during the shrinking process. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Gravity responses;  Populus;  Reaction wood;  Secondary wall;  Wood formation;  Xylogenesis},
correspondence_address1={Mellerowicz, E.J.; Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Center, SLU, S901 83 Umea, Sweden; email: ewa.mellerowicz@genfys.slu.se},
issn={00320781},
coden={PCPHA},
pubmed_id={17504814},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Plant Cell Physiol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

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Tension wood fibers that develop on one side of the stem have an increased potency to shrink compared with fibers on the opposite side, thus creating a bending moment. It is believed that the gelatinous (G) cell wall layer containing almost pure cellulose of tension wood fibers is pivotal to their shrinking. By analyzing saccharide composition and linkage in isolated G-layers of poplar, we found that they contain some matrix components in addition to cellulose, of which xyloglucan is the most abundant. Xyloglucan, xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET) activity and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene products were detected in developing G-layers by labeling using CCRC-M1 monoclonal antibody, in situ incorporation of XXXG-SR and the polyclonal antibody to poplar PttXET16-34, respectively, indicating that xyloglucan is incorporated into the G-layer during its development. Moreover, several XTH transcripts were altered and were generally up-regulated in developing tension wood compared with normal wood. In mature G-fibers, XTH gene products were detected in the G-layers while the XET activity was evident in the adjacent S2 wall layer. We propose that XET activity is essential for G-fiber shrinking by repairing xyloglucan cross-links between G- and S 2-layers and thus maintaining their contact. Surprisingly, XTH gene products and XET activity persisted in mature G-fibers for several years, suggesting that the enzyme functions after cell death repairing the cross-links as they are being broken during the shrinking process. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.","author_keywords":"Gravity responses; Populus; Reaction wood; Secondary wall; Wood formation; Xylogenesis","correspondence_address1":"Mellerowicz, E.J.; Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Center, SLU, S901 83 Umea, Sweden; email: ewa.mellerowicz@genfys.slu.se","issn":"00320781","coden":"PCPHA","pubmed_id":"17504814","language":"English","abbrev_source_title":"Plant Cell Physiol.","document_type":"Article","source":"Scopus","bibtex":"@ARTICLE{Nishikubo2007843,\r\nauthor={Nishikubo, N. and Awano, T. and Banasiak, A. and Bourquin, V. and Ibatullin, F. and Funada, R. and Brumer, H. and Teeri, T.T. and Hayashi, T. and Sundberg, B. and Mellerowicz, E.J.},\r\ntitle={Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET) functions in gelatinous layers of tension wood fibers in poplar - A glimpse into the mechanism of the balancing act of trees},\r\njournal={Plant and Cell Physiology},\r\nyear={2007},\r\nvolume={48},\r\nnumber={6},\r\npages={843-855},\r\ndoi={10.1093/pcp/pcm055},\r\nnote={cited By 121},\r\nurl={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548424199&doi=10.1093%2fpcp%2fpcm055&partnerID=40&md5=d5a6a4fd113f104ee74f0f91ffe68c9a},\r\naffiliation={Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Center, SLU, S901 83 Umea, Sweden; Department of Biotechnology, Royal Insitute of Technology (KTH), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; RIKEN, Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland},\r\nabstract={Tension wood is a specialized tissue of deciduous trees that functions in bending woody stems to optimize their position in space. Tension wood fibers that develop on one side of the stem have an increased potency to shrink compared with fibers on the opposite side, thus creating a bending moment. It is believed that the gelatinous (G) cell wall layer containing almost pure cellulose of tension wood fibers is pivotal to their shrinking. By analyzing saccharide composition and linkage in isolated G-layers of poplar, we found that they contain some matrix components in addition to cellulose, of which xyloglucan is the most abundant. Xyloglucan, xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET) activity and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene products were detected in developing G-layers by labeling using CCRC-M1 monoclonal antibody, in situ incorporation of XXXG-SR and the polyclonal antibody to poplar PttXET16-34, respectively, indicating that xyloglucan is incorporated into the G-layer during its development. Moreover, several XTH transcripts were altered and were generally up-regulated in developing tension wood compared with normal wood. In mature G-fibers, XTH gene products were detected in the G-layers while the XET activity was evident in the adjacent S2 wall layer. We propose that XET activity is essential for G-fiber shrinking by repairing xyloglucan cross-links between G- and S 2-layers and thus maintaining their contact. Surprisingly, XTH gene products and XET activity persisted in mature G-fibers for several years, suggesting that the enzyme functions after cell death repairing the cross-links as they are being broken during the shrinking process. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. 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