@article{nordengren_field_2005,
	title = {A field assessment of the {Spalinger} and {Hobbs} mechanistic foraging model: free-ranging moose in winter},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {0008-4301},
	shorttitle = {A field assessment of the {Spalinger}–{Hobbs} mechanistic foraging model},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z05-029},
	doi = {10.1139/z05-029},
	abstract = {The mechanistic foraging models introduced by Spalinger and Hobbs in 1992 have been very influential in studies of herbivory at a variety of scales. However, almost no field study has evaluated whether the assumption regarding invariability of parameters with time holds for large herbivores with long foraging bouts, and most studies have obtained the model parameters from very short trials. We used free-ranging moose, Alces alces (L., 1758), to test this assumption of invariability and to compare intake calculated by the Spalinger–Hobbs model using parameters obtained from 10-min trials with intake calculated using data obtained from entire bouts. Our results revealed that the invariance assumption was not fully met: moose increased bite and chew rates and took smaller bites the longer a bite or chew sequence lasted, which resulted in declining intake rates. As a result, the original model misestimated intake by more than double for mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) a..., Les modèles mécanistes de recherche de nourriture introduits par Spalinger et Hobbs en 1992 ont eu une grande influence sur les études de la phytophagie à plusieurs échelles. Néanmoins, à peu aucune étude de terrain n'a évalué si les présuppositions concernant l'invariance des paramètres dans le temps tient chez les grands herbivores qui ont de longues périodes d'alimentation; la plupart des études ont, en effet, mesuré les paramètres des modèles sur de très courts essais. Nous avons testé cette invariance chez des orignaux, Alces alces (L., 1758), en liberté et comparé l'ingestion calculée par le modèle Spalinger–Hobbs à l'aide de paramètres obtenus d'essais de 10 minutes à l'ingestion calculée sur des sessions entières. Nos résultats indiquent que la présupposition d'invariance ne s'applique pas entièrement : les orignaux augmentent leurs taux de morsure et de mastication et prennent de plus petites bouchées à mesure que la séquence de morsures ou de mastication s'allonge, ce qui réduit les taux d'inges...},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-06-11},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	author = {Nordengren, C and Ball, John P},
	month = apr,
	year = {2005},
	note = {00006},
	keywords = {\#nosource},
	pages = {518--526},
}

{"_id":"3inqdtbJ6LGiaMyiv","bibbaseid":"nordengren-ball-afieldassessmentofthespalingerandhobbsmechanisticforagingmodelfreerangingmooseinwinter-2005","author_short":["Nordengren, C","Ball, J. P"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"A field assessment of the Spalinger and Hobbs mechanistic foraging model: free-ranging moose in winter","volume":"83","issn":"0008-4301","shorttitle":"A field assessment of the Spalinger–Hobbs mechanistic foraging model","url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z05-029","doi":"10.1139/z05-029","abstract":"The mechanistic foraging models introduced by Spalinger and Hobbs in 1992 have been very influential in studies of herbivory at a variety of scales. However, almost no field study has evaluated whether the assumption regarding invariability of parameters with time holds for large herbivores with long foraging bouts, and most studies have obtained the model parameters from very short trials. We used free-ranging moose, Alces alces (L., 1758), to test this assumption of invariability and to compare intake calculated by the Spalinger–Hobbs model using parameters obtained from 10-min trials with intake calculated using data obtained from entire bouts. Our results revealed that the invariance assumption was not fully met: moose increased bite and chew rates and took smaller bites the longer a bite or chew sequence lasted, which resulted in declining intake rates. As a result, the original model misestimated intake by more than double for mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) a..., Les modèles mécanistes de recherche de nourriture introduits par Spalinger et Hobbs en 1992 ont eu une grande influence sur les études de la phytophagie à plusieurs échelles. Néanmoins, à peu aucune étude de terrain n'a évalué si les présuppositions concernant l'invariance des paramètres dans le temps tient chez les grands herbivores qui ont de longues périodes d'alimentation; la plupart des études ont, en effet, mesuré les paramètres des modèles sur de très courts essais. Nous avons testé cette invariance chez des orignaux, Alces alces (L., 1758), en liberté et comparé l'ingestion calculée par le modèle Spalinger–Hobbs à l'aide de paramètres obtenus d'essais de 10 minutes à l'ingestion calculée sur des sessions entières. Nos résultats indiquent que la présupposition d'invariance ne s'applique pas entièrement : les orignaux augmentent leurs taux de morsure et de mastication et prennent de plus petites bouchées à mesure que la séquence de morsures ou de mastication s'allonge, ce qui réduit les taux d'inges...","number":"4","urldate":"2018-06-11","journal":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Nordengren"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ball"],"firstnames":["John","P"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"April","year":"2005","note":"00006","keywords":"#nosource","pages":"518–526","bibtex":"@article{nordengren_field_2005,\n\ttitle = {A field assessment of the {Spalinger} and {Hobbs} mechanistic foraging model: free-ranging moose in winter},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tissn = {0008-4301},\n\tshorttitle = {A field assessment of the {Spalinger}–{Hobbs} mechanistic foraging model},\n\turl = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z05-029},\n\tdoi = {10.1139/z05-029},\n\tabstract = {The mechanistic foraging models introduced by Spalinger and Hobbs in 1992 have been very influential in studies of herbivory at a variety of scales. However, almost no field study has evaluated whether the assumption regarding invariability of parameters with time holds for large herbivores with long foraging bouts, and most studies have obtained the model parameters from very short trials. We used free-ranging moose, Alces alces (L., 1758), to test this assumption of invariability and to compare intake calculated by the Spalinger–Hobbs model using parameters obtained from 10-min trials with intake calculated using data obtained from entire bouts. Our results revealed that the invariance assumption was not fully met: moose increased bite and chew rates and took smaller bites the longer a bite or chew sequence lasted, which resulted in declining intake rates. As a result, the original model misestimated intake by more than double for mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) a..., Les modèles mécanistes de recherche de nourriture introduits par Spalinger et Hobbs en 1992 ont eu une grande influence sur les études de la phytophagie à plusieurs échelles. Néanmoins, à peu aucune étude de terrain n'a évalué si les présuppositions concernant l'invariance des paramètres dans le temps tient chez les grands herbivores qui ont de longues périodes d'alimentation; la plupart des études ont, en effet, mesuré les paramètres des modèles sur de très courts essais. Nous avons testé cette invariance chez des orignaux, Alces alces (L., 1758), en liberté et comparé l'ingestion calculée par le modèle Spalinger–Hobbs à l'aide de paramètres obtenus d'essais de 10 minutes à l'ingestion calculée sur des sessions entières. Nos résultats indiquent que la présupposition d'invariance ne s'applique pas entièrement : les orignaux augmentent leurs taux de morsure et de mastication et prennent de plus petites bouchées à mesure que la séquence de morsures ou de mastication s'allonge, ce qui réduit les taux d'inges...},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-06-11},\n\tjournal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},\n\tauthor = {Nordengren, C and Ball, John P},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tnote = {00006},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource},\n\tpages = {518--526},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Nordengren, C","Ball, J. 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