Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life. Nosarti, C., Reichenberg, A., Murray, R. M, Cnattingius, S., Lambe, M. P, Yin, L., MacCabe, J., Rifkin, L., & Hultman, C. M Archives of general psychiatry, 69(6):E1–8, June, 2012.
Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
CONTEXT: Preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and delivery-related hypoxia have been associated with schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these associations pertain to other adult-onset psychiatric disorders and whether these perinatal events are independent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among gestational age, nonoptimal fetal growth, Apgar score, and various psychiatric disorders in young adult life. DESIGN: Historical population-based cohort study. SETTING: Identification of adult-onset psychiatric admissions using data from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: All live-born individuals registered in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1973 and 1985 and living in Sweden at age 16 years by December 2002 (n=1 301 522). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric hospitalization with nonaffective psychosis, bipolar affective disorder, depressive disorder, eating disorder, drug dependency, or alcohol dependency, diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases codes for 8 through 10. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization in adulthood (defined as ≥16 years of age) in a monotonic manner across a range of psychiatric disorders. Compared with term births (37-41 weeks), those born at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.7) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.6-4.5) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder. Those born at less than 32 weeks' gestation were 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.0) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 2.9 (95% CI, 1.8-4.6) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.7-20.6) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The vulnerability for hospitalization with a range of psychiatric diagnoses may increase with younger gestational age. Similar associations were not observed for nonoptimal fetal growth and low Apgar score.
@article{nosarti_preterm_2012,
	title = {Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life.},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {1538-3636},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22660967},
	doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1374},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and delivery-related hypoxia have been associated with schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these associations pertain to other adult-onset psychiatric disorders and whether these perinatal events are independent.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among gestational age, nonoptimal fetal growth, Apgar score, and various psychiatric disorders in young adult life.

DESIGN: Historical population-based cohort study.

SETTING: Identification of adult-onset psychiatric admissions using data from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: All live-born individuals registered in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1973 and 1985 and living in Sweden at age 16 years by December 2002 (n=1 301 522).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric hospitalization with nonaffective psychosis, bipolar affective disorder, depressive disorder, eating disorder, drug dependency, or alcohol dependency, diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases codes for 8 through 10. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95\% CIs.

RESULTS: Preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization in adulthood (defined as ≥16 years of age) in a monotonic manner across a range of psychiatric disorders. Compared with term births (37-41 weeks), those born at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation were 1.6 (95\% CI, 1.1-2.3) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 1.3 (95\% CI, 1.1-1.7) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 2.7 (95\% CI, 1.6-4.5) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder. Those born at less than 32 weeks' gestation were 2.5 (95\% CI, 1.0-6.0) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 2.9 (95\% CI, 1.8-4.6) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 7.4 (95\% CI, 2.7-20.6) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: The vulnerability for hospitalization with a range of psychiatric diagnoses may increase with younger gestational age. Similar associations were not observed for nonoptimal fetal growth and low Apgar score.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {Archives of general psychiatry},
	author = {Nosarti, Chiara and Reichenberg, Abraham and Murray, Robin M and Cnattingius, Sven and Lambe, Mats P and Yin, Li and MacCabe, James and Rifkin, Larry and Hultman, Christina M},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22660967},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Alcoholism, Alcoholism: epidemiology, Alcoholism: etiology, Apgar Score, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder: etiology, Cohort Studies, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder: epidemiology, Depressive Disorder: etiology, Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders: epidemiology, Eating Disorders: etiology, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Fetal Growth Retardation: epidemiology, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Hospitalization: statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders: epidemiology, Mental Disorders: etiology, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Premature Birth: epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychotic Disorders, Psychotic Disorders: epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders: etiology, Registries, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia: epidemiology, Schizophrenia: etiology, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders: epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders: etiology, Sweden, Sweden: epidemiology, Young Adult},
	pages = {E1--8},
}
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