Expression Analysis Highlights AXL as a Candidate Zika Virus Entry Receptor in Neural Stem Cells. Nowakowski, T. J, Pollen, A. A, Di Lullo, E., Sandoval-Espinosa, C., Bershteyn, M., & Kriegstein, A. R Cell Stem Cell, 18(5):591–596, March, 2016.
abstract   bibtex   
The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has been linked to substantial increases in fetal abnormalities and microcephaly. However, information about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms connecting viral infection to these defects remains limited. In this study we have examined the expression of receptors implicated in cell entry of several enveloped viruses including ZIKV across diverse cell types in the developing brain. Using single-cell RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry, we found that the candidate viral entry receptor AXL is highly expressed by human radial glial cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia in developing human cortex and by progenitor cells in developing retina. We also show that AXL expression in radial glia is conserved in developing mouse and ferret cortex and in human stem cell-derived cerebral organoids, highlighting multiple experimental systems that could be applied to study mechanisms of ZIKV infectivity and effects on brain development.
@ARTICLE{Nowakowski2016-qh,
  title    = "Expression Analysis Highlights {AXL} as a Candidate Zika Virus
              Entry Receptor in Neural Stem Cells",
  author   = "Nowakowski, Tomasz J and Pollen, Alex A and Di Lullo, Elizabeth
              and Sandoval-Espinosa, Carmen and Bershteyn, Marina and
              Kriegstein, Arnold R",
  abstract = "The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has been
              linked to substantial increases in fetal abnormalities and
              microcephaly. However, information about the underlying molecular
              and cellular mechanisms connecting viral infection to these
              defects remains limited. In this study we have examined the
              expression of receptors implicated in cell entry of several
              enveloped viruses including ZIKV across diverse cell types in the
              developing brain. Using single-cell RNA-seq and
              immunohistochemistry, we found that the candidate viral entry
              receptor AXL is highly expressed by human radial glial cells,
              astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia in developing human
              cortex and by progenitor cells in developing retina. We also show
              that AXL expression in radial glia is conserved in developing
              mouse and ferret cortex and in human stem cell-derived cerebral
              organoids, highlighting multiple experimental systems that could
              be applied to study mechanisms of ZIKV infectivity and effects on
              brain development.",
  journal  = "Cell Stem Cell",
  volume   =  18,
  number   =  5,
  pages    = "591--596",
  month    =  mar,
  year     =  2016,
  language = "en"
}

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