Ultrasonic attenuation and grain-size evaluation using electromagnetic acoustic resonance. Ogi, H., Hirao, M., & Honda, T. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98(1):458–464, 1995. ![Ultrasonic attenuation and grain-size evaluation using electromagnetic acoustic resonance [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Electromagnetic acoustic resonance is applied for determining the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation and the average grain size of low‐carbon steels. Use of a noncontacting electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) makes it possible to isolate the attenuation within the plate specimens. The method relies on the Lorentz force mechanism to couple the EMAT to the specimen surfaces and then eliminates the other losses, which may otherwise occur with the contacting piezoelectric transducers. The measurement is independent of the EMAT used, the specimen thickness, the surface condition, the lift‐off, etc., and is stable because of the noncontacting nature. First, the resonant frequencies are measured, to the accuracy of 10 Hz, by sweeping the operating frequency and obtaining the amplitude spectrum over a band in the 0.5‐ 20‐MHz range. The ringing signals are excited and received by a shear wave EMAT and then processed with a superheterodyne receiver. Second, the attenuation coefficient as a function of the resonant frequency is determined. At each resonant frequency, the output signal rings down exponentially with time and the attenuation coefficient is obtained from the time constant by fitting an exponential decay to them. After correcting for the diffraction effect, the average grain size is obtained from the fourth‐power term in the frequency dependence. The final results are favorably compared with the average of the three‐dimensional grain‐size distribution of steels. © 1995 Acoustical Society of America.
@article{ogi_ultrasonic_1995,
title = {Ultrasonic attenuation and grain-size evaluation using electromagnetic acoustic resonance},
volume = {98},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/98/458/1},
doi = {10.1121/1.413703},
abstract = {Electromagnetic acoustic resonance is applied for determining the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation and the average grain size of low‐carbon steels. Use of a noncontacting electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) makes it possible to isolate the attenuation within the plate specimens. The method relies on the Lorentz force mechanism to couple the EMAT to the specimen surfaces and then eliminates the other losses, which may otherwise occur with the contacting piezoelectric transducers. The measurement is independent of the EMAT used, the specimen thickness, the surface condition, the lift‐off, etc., and is stable because of the noncontacting nature. First, the resonant frequencies are measured, to the accuracy of 10 Hz, by sweeping the operating frequency and obtaining the amplitude spectrum over a band in the 0.5‐ 20‐MHz range. The ringing signals are excited and received by a shear wave EMAT and then processed with a superheterodyne receiver. Second, the attenuation coefficient as a function of the resonant frequency is determined. At each resonant frequency, the output signal rings down exponentially with time and the attenuation coefficient is obtained from the time constant by fitting an exponential decay to them. After correcting for the diffraction effect, the average grain size is obtained from the fourth‐power term in the frequency dependence. The final results are favorably compared with the average of the three‐dimensional grain‐size distribution of steels. © 1995 Acoustical Society of America.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2013-01-17TZ},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
author = {Ogi, Hirotsugu and Hirao, Masahiko and Honda, Takashi},
year = {1995},
keywords = {Attenuation, acoustic resonance, acoustic transducers, grain size, lorentz force, mhz range 01-100, shear waves, steels, ultrasonic waves},
pages = {458--464}
}
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The method relies on the Lorentz force mechanism to couple the EMAT to the specimen surfaces and then eliminates the other losses, which may otherwise occur with the contacting piezoelectric transducers. The measurement is independent of the EMAT used, the specimen thickness, the surface condition, the lift‐off, etc., and is stable because of the noncontacting nature. First, the resonant frequencies are measured, to the accuracy of 10 Hz, by sweeping the operating frequency and obtaining the amplitude spectrum over a band in the 0.5‐ 20‐MHz range. The ringing signals are excited and received by a shear wave EMAT and then processed with a superheterodyne receiver. Second, the attenuation coefficient as a function of the resonant frequency is determined. At each resonant frequency, the output signal rings down exponentially with time and the attenuation coefficient is obtained from the time constant by fitting an exponential decay to them. After correcting for the diffraction effect, the average grain size is obtained from the fourth‐power term in the frequency dependence. 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