The ventral peptidergic system of the adult ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> (<i>Ciona intestinalis</i> Type A) insights from a transgenic animal model. Osugi, T., Sasakura, Y., & Satake, H. Scientific Reports, 10(1):1892, December, 2020.
The ventral peptidergic system of the adult ascidian <i>Ciona robusta</i> (<i>Ciona intestinalis</i> Type A) insights from a transgenic animal model [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Abstract Ascidians are the sister group of vertebrates and occupy a critical position in explorations of the evolution of the endocrine and nervous systems of chordates. Here, we describe the complete ventral peptidergic system in adult transgenic Ciona robusta ( Ciona intestinalis Type A) which expresses the Kaede reporter gene driven by the prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) gene promoter. Numerous PC2 promoter-driven fluorescent (Kaede-positive) non-neural cells were distributed in the blood sinus located at the anterior end of the pharynx, suggesting the acquisition of a peptidergic circulatory system in Ciona . Kaede-positive ciliated columnar cells, rounded cells, and tall ciliated cells were observed in the alimentary organs, including the endostyle, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, suggesting that digestive functions are regulated by multiple peptidergic systems. In the heart, Kaede-positive neurons were located in the ring-shaped plexus at both ends of the myocardium. Nerve fiber–like tracts ran along the raphe and appeared to be connected with the plexuses. Such unique structures suggest a role for the peptidergic system in cardiac function. Collectively, the present anatomic analysis revealed the major framework of the ventral peptidergic system of adult Ciona , which could facilitate investigations of peptidergic regulation of the pharynx, endostyle, alimentary tissues, and heart.
@article{osugi_ventral_2020,
	title = {The ventral peptidergic system of the adult ascidian \textit{{Ciona} robusta} (\textit{{Ciona} intestinalis} {Type} {A}) insights from a transgenic animal model},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58884-w},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-58884-w},
	abstract = {Abstract
            
              Ascidians are the sister group of vertebrates and occupy a critical position in explorations of the evolution of the endocrine and nervous systems of chordates. Here, we describe the complete ventral peptidergic system in adult transgenic
              Ciona robusta
              (
              Ciona intestinalis
              Type A) which expresses the
              Kaede
              reporter gene driven by the prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) gene promoter. Numerous PC2 promoter-driven fluorescent (Kaede-positive) non-neural cells were distributed in the blood sinus located at the anterior end of the pharynx, suggesting the acquisition of a peptidergic circulatory system in
              Ciona
              . Kaede-positive ciliated columnar cells, rounded cells, and tall ciliated cells were observed in the alimentary organs, including the endostyle, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, suggesting that digestive functions are regulated by multiple peptidergic systems. In the heart, Kaede-positive neurons were located in the ring-shaped plexus at both ends of the myocardium. Nerve fiber–like tracts ran along the raphe and appeared to be connected with the plexuses. Such unique structures suggest a role for the peptidergic system in cardiac function. Collectively, the present anatomic analysis revealed the major framework of the ventral peptidergic system of adult
              Ciona
              , which could facilitate investigations of peptidergic regulation of the pharynx, endostyle, alimentary tissues, and heart.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-07-27},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Osugi, Tomohiro and Sasakura, Yasunori and Satake, Honoo},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1892},
}

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